E1. Define taxonomy
Taxonomy: Science of naming and classifying organisms
E2. What is binomial nomenclature?
Two-name system: Genus + species
Genus capitalized, species lowercase
Written in italics or underlined
Example: Canis lupus
E3. Describe taxonomic classification and relatedness
More shared levels = closer relationship
Same genus = more related than same class
E4. Describe the three domains of life
Bacteria: Prokaryotic, unicellular
Archaea: Prokaryotic, extreme environments
Eukarya: Eukaryotic cells
E5. List and describe the three kingdoms
Eubacteria: Common bacteria
Archaebacteria: Ancient/extreme bacteria
Protista: Mostly unicellular eukaryotes
E6. Explain phylogenetic trees & cladograms
Show evolutionary relationships
Nodes = common ancestors
More shared branches = more related
E7. How does genetics show relatedness?
Compare DNA or protein sequences
Fewer differences = closer relationship
Indicates common ancestry
E8. Homologous vs analogous structures
Homologous: Same origin, different function
Example: human arm & whale flipper
Analogous: Same function, different origin
Example: bird wing & insect wing
E1. Define taxa
Taxa: Classification groups (singular: taxon)
E1. Define classification
Classifications: Organizing organisms by shared traits
E5. List and describe the 3 kingdoms
Fungi: Decomposers
Plantae: Photosynthetic producers
Animalia: Multicellular consumers
