1
Q
The anterior wall of axilla is formed by?
A
Pectoralis major/minor
Subclavius muscle
2
Q
The posterior wall of the axilla is formed by 3 muscles?
A
Subscapularis
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi.
3
Q
Medial wall of the axilla is formed by the (2)?
A
Thoracic wall
Serratus anterior
4
Q
Lateral wall of the axilla is formed by ?
A
Intertubercular groove of the humerus
5
Q
Which muscles elevate the scapula?
A
Upper fibres of trapezius
Elevator scapulae
6
Q
Which muscles depress the scapula
A
lower fibres of trapezius
7
Q
Which muscles protract the scapula
A
serratus anterior
8
Q
Which muscles retract the scapula
A
Trapezius middle fibres
Rhomboids
9
Q
Which muscles produce upward (lateral) rotation which elevated glenoid cavity (e.g. shrugging shoulders)?
A
Trapezius middle fibres
Serratus anterior
10
Q
Which muscles produce downward (medial) rotation - depressing the glenoid cavity ?
A
gravity
levator scapulae
rhomboids
pectoralis minor
11
Q
A.
A
external jugular vein
12
Q
b
A
cephalic vein
13
Q
c
A
Axillary artery
14
Q
d
A
Deltoid muscle
Axillary Nerve
Attaches: deltoid tuberosity (lateral humorous)
Anterior fibres - flexion and medial rotation of shoulder
Middle fibres - abduction of shoulder 15-90 (takes over from supraspinatus)
Posterior - extension and lateral rotation of the shoulder
15
Q
h
A
axillary vein
16
Q
j
A
axillary lymph nodes
17
Q
k
A
Serratus anterior
Long thoracic nerve - if damaged - winged scapula
Actions
- protracts scapula
- rotates scapula (allows to be raised over 90 degrees)
18
Q
L
A
Pectoralis major
Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humorous
Action: Adduction and Medial rotation of the upper limb (arm)
Also draws the scapula anterior-inferiorly
19
Q
a
A
Pectoralis major
Adducts and Medial rotation of the upper limb
Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humorous
20
Q
b
A
Pectoralis minor
Actions
- stabilises the scapula
- pulls scapula anteriorly/inferiorly
Origin: ribs 3-5
Inserts : coracoid process of scapula
21
Q
a
A
Serratus Anterior
- rotates the scapula (allows it to be raised over 90 degrees)
- protracts the scapula against the ribcage
- long thoracic nerve
origin : ribs 1-8 (lateral aspect) - inserts costal part of scapula
22
Q
b
A
pectoralis minor
origin - ribs 3-5
inserts- coracoid process of scapula
stabalises the scapula by drawing it anterior/inferiorly against the throacic wall
23
Q
a
A
subclavius muscle
origin : junction of first rib/costal cartilage
insertion: medial clavicle
Anchor and DEPRESSES clavicle
24
Q
a
A
Subscapularis muscle
Originates at the subscapular fossa (anterior surface of the scapula)
Action: Medial rotation of the arm
25
1
Subscapularis muscle
Origin: subscapular fossa (anterior surface of scapula)
Insert: lesser tubercle of humorous
Action- MEDIAL rotation of the arm
26
a
subscapularis muscle
origin: subscapular fossa (anterior surface of scapula)
insert: lesser tubercle of humorous
MEDIAL rotation of the arm
27
x
Teres major
Origin - Scapula inferior angle
Insert- Intertubercular sulcus of humorous
Actions
- Adduction
- Extension
- Medial rotation
(of the upper limb at the shoulder joint)
28
a
Teres major
Attaches to intertubercular groove of humerus
Actions
- Adduction
- Extension
- Medial (internal) rotation
of upper limb at the shoulder joint
29
b
Teres Minor
Origin - scapula (lateral boarder) posteriorly
Insertion - greater tubercle of humerus
(only other muscle supplied by axillary nerve)
Lateral rotation of the arm
30
4
Teres Minor
Origin - posterior/lateral boarder of scapula
Insertion - greater tubercle of humerus
Action - lateral (external) rotation of arm
Innervation- Axillary nerve
31
2
Supraspinatus
Origin - supraspinatus fossa
Insertion - greater tubercle of humerus
Action
- Abduction of the upper limb at shoulder joint (first 0-15 degrees)
- Assists deltoid with abduction (15-90 degrees)
32
3
Infraspinatus
Origin - infraspinatus fossa
Insertion - greater tubercle of humerus
Action - Lateral roation of the upper limb (humerus) at shoulder joint
33
a
intertubercular sulcus/groove of humerus
34
b
pectoralis major insertion
35
c
Teres major
Insert- intertubercular sulcus of humorous
36
d
Latissimus dorsi
Adduction
Extension
Medial rotation (internal)
of upper limb
The fibres converge into a tendon that attaches to the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus.
37
a-d
a. axillary lymph nodes
b. middle trunk (C7)
c. Axillary artery (subclavian)
d. Axillary vein (drains into subclavian)
38
when does the axillary artery begin
outer boarder of the 1st rib
terminates at the boarder of the teres major muscle (into brachial artery)
39
roots of brachial plexus
anterior rami of C5-T1
40
a-e
a. ulnar artery
b. radial artery
c. subclavian (ends lateral boarder of 1st rib)
d. axillary artery
e. brachial artery (outer boarder of teres major)
41
A
cephalic vein
42
b
medial cubital
common site of venepuncture
43
c
basilic vein
44
d
cephalic vein
45
e
basilic vein
46
f
dorsal venous network
47
1
c3
48
2
C4
49
3
c5
50
4
c6
51
5
c7
52
6
c8
53
7
T1
54
A
c3
55
b
c5
56
c
T1
57
d
C6
58
e
C8
59
f
C7
60
Where do all lymphatic vessels from the upper limb drain?
Axillary lymph nodes
61
What are the 5 axillary lymph node groups? 1-5
1. apical
2. central
3. posterior / subscapular
4. anterior/ pectoral
5. brachial /lateral
62
1-4
1. scapula
2. clavicle
3. acromioclavicular joint (plane synnovial)
4. sternoclavicular joint (synovial saddle)
63
1
coracoid process
64
2
Articular facet for acromion
65
3
Acromion
66
4
Greater tubercle of humerus
67
5
Lesser tubercle of humerus
68
6
Intertubercular groove of humerus
69
7
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
70
8
groove for subclavian vein (lateral)
71
9
groove for subclavian artery (medially)
72
1
sternal end
73
2
impression for costoclavicular joint
74
3
coronoid tubercle (coronoid ligament attaches)
75
4
acromial end
76
5
trapezoid line (trapezoid ligament attaches)
77
1
acromial end
78
2
acromial facet
79
3
trapezoid tubercle - for trapezoid ligament
80
4
coronoid tubercle - for coronoid ligament
81
5
groove for subclavius muscle
82
6
sternal fact
83
which surface of the clavicle
superior - smooth
84
which surface of the clavicle
inferior
(sternal end - left, acromial end - right)
85
1
acromion - of scapula
86
2
acromioclavicular joint
synovial plane
87
3
coracoid process - of scapula
88
4
sternoclavicular joint
synovial plane joint/saddle
89
1
acromioclavicular joint
90
1/2
coracoclavicular ligament
1. conoid ligament
2. trapezoid ligament
91
2
conoid ligament
(coracoclavicular)
92
3
trapezoid ligament
coracoclavicular
93
4
acromioclavicular ligament
94
5
acromion process
95
6
coracoacromial ligament
96
7
long head of biceps brachii
97
8
glenohumeral ligaments
98
9
coracoid process
99
10
costoclavicular joint
100
1
supraspinatus fossa
101
2
spine of scapula
102
3
infraspinatus fossa
103
4
superior angle
104
5
medial boarder
105
6
subscapular fossa
106
7
lateral boarder
107
9
acromion
108
8
inferior angle
109
10
coracoid process
110
11
supraglenoid tubercle
111
12
glenoid cavity
112
13
infraglenoid tubercle
113
1-3
1. glenoid fossa
2. supraglenoid fossa
3. infraglenoid fossa
114
1-3
1. spine of scapula
2. supraspinous fossa
3. infraspinous fossa
115
a and b
a- acromion (articulates with clavicle)
b- coracoid process
116
a
coraco-acromial ligament
117
what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
synovial plane
118
what type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
synovial saddle
119
What actions do the trapezius upper fibres carry out?
elevation of scapula
isilateral flexion of head and neck
120
What action do the middle fibres of trapezius carry out?
retraction of the scapula - -(with rhomboids)
upward rotation (with serratus anterior)
121
actions of lower trapezius fibres?
depression of scapula
rotation of scapula
122
what muscles elevate the scapula?
upper fibres of trapezius
elevator scapula
123
which muscles depress the scapula
lower fibres of trapezius
124
which muscle protracts the scapula?
serratus anterior
125
which muscle retracts the scapula?
trapezius - middle fibres
rhomboids
126
which muscles laterally rotate the glenoid cavity (upward rotation i.e. shrugging shoulders)?
middle trapezius
serratus anterior
127
a
Levator scapula
elevates scapula
128
b
rhomboid major
retraction and rotation of scapula (with minor)
129
c
rhomboid minor
retraction and rotation of scapula with major
130
1
trapezius
131
2
levator scapulae
132
3
rhomboid minor
133
4
rhomboid major
134
5
supraspinatus
135
6
infraspinatus
136
7
teres minor
137
8
teres major
138
9
latissimus dorsi
139
1
greater tubercle of humerus
140
2
intertubercular groove/sulcus of humerus
141
3
lesser tubercle of humerus
142
4
head of humerus
143
5
acromion
144
6
acromion end of clavicle
145
7
spine of scapula
146
8
coracoid process
147
9
sternal end of clavicle
148
10
superior angle
149
11
subscapular fossa
150
12
inferior angle
151
13
lateral boarder
152
14
neck of scapula
153
15
glenoid fossa
154
16
deltoid tuberosity
155
a/b
a. glenoid cavity
b. glenoid labrum (fibrocartilage) - deepens the socket so that the head of humerus fits better
156
a
coracoacromial
resists superior displacement of humeral head
157
b
coracohumeral ligament
- supports superior part of joint capsule
158
c
glenohumeral ligaments
stabilise anterior aspect of joint
159
d
transverse humeral ligament
holds the tendon of long head of bicep in place
160
e
coracoclavicular ligament
161
a
subcoracoid bursa
162
b
coracoclavicular ligament
(L - conoid , R- trapeziod)
163
c
coracoacromial ligament
164
d
acromioclavicular ligament
165
e
superior acromial bursa
166
f
acromion of scapula
167
g
subacromial bursa
overuse injuries - tennis/can trap bursa
168
h
subscapular bursa
169
j
transverse humeral ligament
170
k
coracobrachialis muscle
171
x
subscapularis muscle
172
y
joint capsule of glenohumeral joint
173
a
subacromial bursa
DOES NOT communicate with the glenohumeral joint
- prevents wear and tear of supraspinatus tendon during arm abduction
174
b
superior acromial bursa
175
c
infraspinatus muscle
176
x
subscapular bursa
- communicates with the joint cavity of glenohumeral joint
- reduces friction of tendons during shoulder movement
177
function of X
subacromial bursa
- does not communicate with glenohumeral joint capsule
- prevents wear and tear of supraspinatus tendon during arm abduction
178
1
subscapularis (anterior)
O: medial 2/3 of scapula
I: Lessor tuberosity of the humerus , shoulder joint capsule and front upper shaft of tubercle
179
actions of 1
subscapularis (anterior)
adduction and medial rotation of the humerus at shoulder joint
stability of shoulder joint prevents upward shoulder dislocation (pulling movements)
180
2
supraspinatus (posterior)
O: supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tuberosity of tubercle
181
2 - what movements?
supraspinatus (posterior)
- abduction of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint (shoulder)
- carries out the first 0-15 degrees and assists deltoid from 15-90 degrees
- stabilisation with other rotator cuff
182
3
infraspinatus muscle
o: infraspinatus fossa of scapula
i: greater tubercle of humerus
183
3 - what are the actions?
infraspinatus muscle
- lateral rotation of the humerus at the shoulder joint
184
4
teres minor
O: lateral boarder of posterior scapula
I: greater tuberosity of humerus
185
action of 4?
teres minor
lateral (external) rotation of the arm
186
innervation of 4 ?
Teres minor - axillary nerve
187
What is the collective function of rotator cuff muscles?
stabilise the shoulder joint - allow R of M
188
x
tendon of the long head of the biceps
189
a
infraglenoid tubercle
long head of the triceps arises
190
b
supraglenoid tubercle
long head of biceps arises
191
c
glenoid fossa
192
a
subscapularis
O: costa aspect of scapula
I: internal rotation of humerus
holds the humeral head to the glenoid fossa with other rotator cuff muscles
193
a
supraspinatus muscle
o- supraspinous fossa
i - greater tubercle of humerus
abduction of the humerus at - initiates 0-15 degrees
194
b
infraspinatus muscles
o:infraspinatus muscles
i: greater tubercle of humerus
external rotation of humerus
195
c
teres minor
o - infraspinatus fossa
i - greater tubercle of humerus
external rotation of humerus
196
what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?
1. subscapularis
2. infraspinatus
3. suprascapular
4. teres minor
197
x
Teres major
lateral boarder of scapula -> bicipital groove on humerus
Adduction, extension and medial rotation of the upper limb at the shoulder.
198
actins of X
Teres major
Adduction, extension and medial rotation of the upper limb at the shoulder.
199
x
coracobrachialis
o: coracoid process
i: humerus shaft
flexes the shoulder joint - helps
200
x - action?
coracobrachialis - helps flex the shoulder joint
coracoid process -> humerus shaft
201
x
deltoid
o: lateral 3rd of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
i: deltoid tuberosity of lateral humerus
axillary nerve - C5 area
202
anterior fibres of deltoid - action
flexion of shoulder
medial rotation of shoulder
203
posterior fibres of deltoid - action
extension of shoulder
lateral rotation of shoulder
204
middle fibres of deltoid - action
abduction at the shoulder
takes over from supraspinatus after 15 degrees
205
x
pectoralis major
o - medial 3rd of clavicle , sternum, 1st 6 costal cartilages
i: bicepital groove on humerus
adduction of humerus / internal rotation
206
actions of X
pectoralis major
adduction and internal rotation of humerus
207
actions of the latissimus dorsi?
adduction of humerus
depression of scapula
208
What nerve fibres does the axillary nerve carry?
C5/C6
209
x
pectoralis minor
(deep to pectoralis major) -
o- ribs 3-5 - laterally
i: coracoid process
pulls the shoulder girdle forwards and downwards (Stabalises scapula during movement by pulling towards ribcage)
210
x
serratus anterior
o - upper 8 ribs - interdigitations
i- scapula costal surface
protracts the scapula/holds against ribcage
rotates scapula
long thoracic nerve
211
x - actions
serratus anterior
protracts the scapula/holds against ribcage
rotates scapula
long thoracic nerve
212
joint 7?
Acromioclavicular joint
Plane synovial joint
213
6
coracoacromial ligament
214
3
greater tubercle of humerus
215
4
intertubercular sulcus - groove
216
5
lesser tubercle of humerus
217
1
subscapularis muscle
218
3
greater tubercle of humerus
219
4
intertubercular sulcus/groove
220
5
lesser tubercle of humerus
221
what nerve is damaged when there is a winged scapula?
long thoracic nerve
serratus atnerior
222
1
trapezius
accessory nerve (CN11) - leaves via jugular foramen
shrugging shoulders is a test of the spinal nerve
upper fibres - elevate scapula
middle fibres - retract scapula
lower fibres - depress the scapula
223
2
latissimus dorsi
224
3
teres major
225
4
deltoid
axillary nerve C5/C6
226
5
triceps long head
227
6
fascia over infraspinatus
228
7
rhomboid major
229
8
teres minor - axillary nerve
230
1
lesser tubercle of humerus
231
2
greater tubercle of humerus
232
3
intertubercular groove of humerus
233
4
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
234
5
coronoid fossa of humerus
235
6
radial fossa of humerus
236
7
trochlea of humerus
237
8
capitulum of humerus
238
1
head of humerus
239
2
neck of humerus
240
3
surgical neck of humerus
241
4
radial groove
242
5
shaft of humerus
243
6
olecranon fossa
244
7
medial epicondyle
245
action of supraspinatus
abducts arm (0-15 degrees)
246
action of infraspinatus
lateral rotation
247
action of teres minor
lateral rotation
248
action of subscapularis
medial rotation
249
Anatomy Year 2 Term 2
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