Anatomy Year 2 Term 2 > Upper limb 3 > Flashcards

Upper limb 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

1.

A

Pronator Teres

  • Pronation of the forearm (synergistically with pronator quadratus)
  • Weak wrist flexion
  • Median nerve
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2
Q

2.

A

Brachioradialis

  • Flexes the elbow when the forearm is in a neutral position
  • Radial nerve
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3
Q

3.

A

Flexor capri radialis

  • Flexes the wrist
  • Radially deviates the wrist
  • Median nerve
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4
Q

4

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

  • Flexes the wrist, MP, and PIP joints
  • Has 4 tendons
  • Median nerve
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5
Q

5

A

Flexor capri ulnaris

  • Flexes the wrist
  • Ulnar deviation of wrist (adduction)
  • Ulnar nerve
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6
Q

What muscles have a common origin at the medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon)

A
  1. flexor capri ulnaris
  2. palmaris longus
  3. flexor capri radialis
  4. pronator teres
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7
Q

1

A

Pronator teres

medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) -> coronoid process of ulna

pronates the forearm (with pronator quadratus)

weak wrist flexor

median nerve

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8
Q

2

A

Brachioradialis

flexes the elbow when the forearm is neutral

radial nerve

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9
Q

3

A

Flexor capri radialis

  • flexes wrist
  • radially deviates wrist (abduction)
  • median nerve
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10
Q

4

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

  • flexion of the wrist, MPs , PIPs,

only intermediate muscle (immediately deep to superficial flexors of the arm)

  • median nerve

gives rise to 4 tendons

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11
Q

5

A

flexor capri ulnaris

  • flexes the wrist
  • ulnar deviation of the wrist - adduction
  • ulnar nerve
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12
Q

6

A

Palmaris longus

  • tenses the palmar fascia
  • weak wrist flexion
  • absent in 20%
  • LONG thin tendon
  • median nerve
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13
Q

7

A

Common flexor tendon

  1. flexor capri radialis
  2. flexor capri ulnaris
  3. pronator teres
  4. palmaris longus
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14
Q

What overuse injury can occur at the common flexor tendon in the anterior forearm?

A

Medial epicondylitis - golfers elbow

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15
Q

1

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

  • intermediate anterior forearm muscle (just deep to superficial flexors)
  • flexion of the wrist, MCP, PIP
  • median nerve
  • gives rise to 4 tendons
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16
Q

Name two muscles which flex the fingers?

A
  1. Flexor digitorum profundus (deep) - gives rise to 4 intrinsic muscles (lumbricals)
  2. Flexor digitorum superficialis (intermediate) - lies on top of the profundus
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17
Q

Which tendons give rise to the 4 intrinsic lumbrical muscles in the palm (anterior)?

A

The 4 tendons of the FDP - flexor digitorum profundus

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18
Q

4

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons (4)

  • FDS tendon splits in half over the proximal phalanx
  • the 2 half’s move around the FDP tendon
  • after entering the flexor tendon sheath on fingers with tendons of FDP the 2 halves reunite and insert on the middle phalanx
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19
Q

which tendon inserts here

A

flexor digitorum superficialis tendon

  • the two halves of the FDS reunite and insert on the middle phalanx
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20
Q

which tendon inserts here

A

the flexor digitorum profundus

  • emerges between the 2 halves of FDS and inserts on the base of the distal phalanx
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21
Q

actions of the FDS?

A

attaches to digits 2-5 (middle phalanges)

flexes wrist, MP, and PIP joints

median nerve

NOT DIPS!!!!

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22
Q

actions of FDP?

A

sole flexor of DIP joints

(PIP joints - proximal interphalangeal joints)
MP joints (metacarpophalangeal)
wrist

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23
Q

7

A

brachioradialis

flexes the elbow in midprone/neutral position

radial nerve

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24
Q

1 - deep anterior forearm

A

Flexor pollicis longus

  • flexes the MC, and IP joint of thumb
  • important for gripping and pinching
  • inserts into distal phalanx
  • median nerve
  • weak wrist flexion

(closer to radius)

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25
2 - deep anterior forearm
Flexor digitorum profundus - flexes the wrist, MP, PIP and DIP joints - sole flexor of DIP joints - inserts distal phalanx innervation - ulnar half (little and ring finger) -> ulnar nerve - radial half (index and middle finger) -> median nerve
26
1
flexor capri radialis - median nerve - flexion of wrist - abduction of wrist - origin on medial epicondyle of humerus
27
3 - deep anterior forearm
pronator quadratus - lies deep to the FDP - principle pronator of the forearm - median nerve
28
2
flexor capri ulnaris - ulnar nerve - flexion of wrist - adduction of wrist
29
10
Flexor digitorum superficialis - goes to digits 2-5 (4 fingers) - flexes wrist, MC, PIP, Xnot dIPSX attached to middle phalanx of 4 fingers - medial nerve
30
1
Flexor pollicis longus - at radial side/towards thumb - medial nerve flexes the thumb at MCP and IP joint
31
2
flexor digitorum profundus - flexion of wrist, MCP, PIP and DIPS! - attached to distal phalanx - ulnar side (little and ring finger -ulnar nerve) - radial side (middle/pointer) - median nerve
32
x
pronator quadratus - principle pronator of the forearm (with pronator teres) - median nerve
33
Profundus means?
deep
34
Brevis means?
short
35
Pollicis means?
thumb
36
1
brachioradialis
37
2
pronator teres
38
3
Flexor capri radialis
39
1
radial nerve
40
2
radial artery
41
3
brachial artery
42
4
ulnar nerve
43
5
ulnar artery
44
1
brachial artery
45
2
ulnar nerve
46
3
ulnar vein
47
4
ulnar artery
48
5
median nerve
49
6
radial artery
50
7
radial vein
51
8
radial nerve - superficial terminal branch
52
1
radial artery
53
what passes through the the carpel tunnel of the hand?
4 x tendons of FDP 4 x tendons of FDS 1 x median nerve
54
1
flexor capri radialis
55
3
flexor digitorum superficialis
56
2
palmaris longus
57
4
flexor capri ulnaris
58
1
radial artery starts under the brachioradialis - runs over the pronator teres and flexor pollicis longus forms the deep palmer arch
59
4
flexor capri ulnaris supplied by ulnar nerve
59
2
ulnar artery runs between flexor capri ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus forms the superficial palmar arch
60
3
ulnar nerve
61
1
iliofemoral ligament - Y shaped limits - extension, lateral rotation, adduction and abduction
62
2
pubofemoral ligament - limits extension, lateral rotation and abduction
63
1
ischiofemerol ligament (posteriorly) - limits extension, medial rotation and adduction
64
1
intertrochanteric line
65
2
greater trochanter
66
3
neck of femur
67
4
head of femur articulates with the acetabulum of the hip
68
5
lesser trochanter
69
1
lateral circumflex femoral artery
70
2
artery of ligamentum teres
71
3
medial circumflex femoral artery - ascending branch supplies the head of femur predominantly
72
4
nutrient artery
73
1 and 3
1. lateral circumflex femoral artery 2. medial circumflex femoral artery both enter via capsule and anastomose on the neck of the femur and ascend to the head
74
1
flexor retinaculum (fibrous band) attached to 4 carpal bones 1. scaphoid 2. trapezium 3. pisiform 4. hamate
75
2
trapezium
76
3
median nerve
77
4
radial vein
78
5
radial artery
79
6
common tendinous sheath of the digital flexors
80
7
ulnar artery
81
8
pisiform
82
9
ulnar nerve
83
10
ulnar veins
84
11
flexor digitorum superficialis
85
Why is the palmar side of the hand less mobile and more stable?
palmer fascia protects the muscles and neurovascular structures
86
a
palmar fascia
87
b
flexor retinaculum
88
1
abductor pollicis brevis (APB) - thenar muscle - median nerve - abduction of the thumb at CMC, MP
89
2
Flexor pollicis brevis (FPB) - thenar muscle - superficial part - median nerve - deep part - ulnar nerve flexion of the thumb at CMC and MP joint
90
3
Flexor digiti minimi brevis - ulnar nerve - flexes MP of the little finger
91
4
abductor digiti minimi - ulnar nerve - abduction of MP joint of little finger
92
1
flexor pollicis brevis - suferficial - median nerve - deep - ulnar nerve - flexion of the thumb at the CMC and MP joint
93
2
opponens pollicis - median nerve - opposition of thumb - flexion/abduction/medial rotation of thumb at CMC joitn
94
3
abductor pollicis brevis - median nerve - abduction of thumb, CMC, MP joint
95
1
flexor pollicis brevis
96
2
abduction pollicis brevis
97
3
3rd palmar interosseus
98
4
flexor digiti minimi brevis
99
5
adductor digiti minimi
100
6
4th lumbrical - ulnar nerve
101
1
flexor digiti minimi brevis - deep ulnar nerve - flexes MP joint of the little finger
102
2
abductor digiti mini - ulnar nerve - abduction of MP joint at the little finger
103
1
opponens digit minimi - ulnar nerve - opposition of the thumb - flexion and rotation of 5th CMC joint
104
2
opponens pollicis - median nerve - opposition of the thumb
105
1
1st lumbrical - median nerve
106
2
2nd lumbrical - median nerve
106
3
3rd lumbrical - ulnar nerve
107
4
4th lumbrical - ulnar nerve
108
action of lumbricals?
1. Flex the fingers at the MP joints (metacarpo-phalangeal) 2. Extend the IP joint of the 2nd to 5th digits (fingers)
109
1
oblique head of adductor pollicis - ulnar nerve - adducts the thumb at CMC joint - adducts and flexes thumb at the MP joint
110
2
transverse head of adductor pollicis - ulnar nerve - adducts thumb at CMC joint - assists with adduction/flexion at MP joint
111
3
second palmer interosseous - ulnar nerve there are 3 on palmer side which - adduct fingers
112
4
third palmer interosseous - ulnar nerve - adduct finger
113
1
1st dorsal interosseous - ulnar nerve supplies all - DAB - dorsa interosseous ABDUCT fingers - (are 4 dorsally) (3 ventrally)
114
What muscles?
palmar interosseous (3) ulnar nerve PAD - palmer - adduct
115
what muscles?
lumbricals 1-4 1st (next) to thumber and 2nd -> median nerve 3/4 -> ulnar nerve
116
which artery contributes to the superficial palmar arch
ulnar artery
117
which artery contributes to the deep palmer arch
radial artery
118
the deep palmar arch is a terminal branch of what artery?
radial artery (formed after the radial artery crosses the anatomical snuff box)
119
1
superficial palmar arch terminal branch of the ulnar artery - beyond the flexor retinaculum
120
1
superficial palmer arch continuation of the ulnar artery
121
2
ulnar nerve
122
3
proper palmer digital nerves
123
4
median nerve enters via flexor retincaculum
124
5
radial artery
125
ulnar nerve is a branch of which cord?
median cord
126
Name a motor and sensory test of the axillary nerve?
Motor - abduct the shoulder (deltoid) Sensory - Outer aspect of shoulder (Regimental badge area)
127
Name a motor and sensory test of the musculocutaneous nerve?
Motor - Flex the elbow (biceps, brachialis) Sensory - Lateral aspect of the forearm (lateral cutaneous branch)
128
Name a motor and sensory test of the radial nerve?
Motor - extend the wrist (posterior compartment of the arm) Sensory - posterior arm, forearm , dorsal aspect of lateral 3 1/2 fingers
129
Name a motor and sensory test of the ulnar nerve?
motor - spread the fingers (intrinsic muscles of the hand)
130
Name a motor and sensory test of median nerve?
motor - move thumb towards nose (abductor pollicis brevis) sensory - palmer aspect of the lateral 3 1/2 fingers
131
1
proximal radio-ulnar joint
132
2
radial tuberosity
133
3
olecranon process
134
4
radial styloid process
135
5
ulnar head
136
6
distal radio-ulnar joint
137
1
proximal radio-ulna joint
138
2
radial tuberosity
139
3
olecranon process
140
4
radial styloid process
141
5
ulnar head
142
6
distal radio ulnar joint
143
1
olecranon process
144
2
radial head
145
3
ulna coronoid process
146
4
radial tuberosity
147
5
ulna head
148
6
ulna styloid process
149
7
radial styloid process
150
what is the name of fibrous structure between the radius and ulna
interosseus membrane syndesmosis fibrous joint
151
1
trapezium
152
2
2nd metacarpal
153
3
3rd metacarpal
154
4
4th metacarpal
155
5
5th metacarpal
156
6
hamate
157
7
triquetrum
158
8
lunate
159
9
ulna
160
10
radius
161
11
scaphoid
162
12
capitate
163
13
trapezoid
164
1
radius
165
2
scaphoid
166
3
trapezium
167
4
trapezoid
168
5
capitate
169
6
5th metacarpal
170
7
hamate
171
8
triquetrum
172
9
lunate
173
10
ulna
174
what bones does the radius articulate distally?
scaphoid and lunate (carpal) ulna
175
what fluid is found between the forearm and carpal bones?
synovial fluid
176
what is the combined action of flexor and extensor capri ulnaris?
ulna deviation or adduction of hand
177
combined action of flexor and extensor capri radialis?
radial deviation/abduction of wrist
178
1
acromioclavicular joint
179
2
acromion
180
3
glenoid fossa
181
4
corocoid process
182
5
greater tubercle
183
1
radius
184
2
olecranon fossa (olecranon process of ulna fills this space)
185
1 left
distal radius
186
2 left
styloid process of distal ulna
187
3 left
metacarpals
188
4 left
proximal phalanges
189
5 left
middle phalanges
190
6 left
distal phalanges
191
7 left
proximal phalange of thumb
192
8 left
distal phalange of thumb
193
blue
CMC joint carpometacarpal joints
194
green
MCP joint metacarpal phalangeal joints
195
yellow
PIP joint proximal interphalangeal joints
196
orange
DIP distal interphalangeal joints
197
1 right
trapezium
198
2 right
scaphoid most injured
199
3 right
lunate
200
4 right
pisiform
201
5 right
triquetrum
202
6 right
hamate
203
8 right
capitate
204
9 right
trapezoid
205
8
acromion
206
10
coracoid process of scapula
207
2
greater tubercle of humerus
208
1
scaphoid
209
2
capitate
210
3
ulna
211
1
subclavian artery
212
2
axillary artery
213
3
brachial artery
214
1
scaphoid
215
2
lunate
216
3
capitate
217
4
hamate
218
1
head of the humerus
219
2
long head of biceps brachii tendon
220
3
scapula + glenoid fossa (labarum and articular cartilage)
221
4
deltoid
222
1
extensor capri radialis longus - radial nerve - extension of wrist - abduction of the wrist
222
5
subcapularis
223
6
infraspinatus
224
2
Extensor capri radialis brevis - radial nerve - extension of the wrist - abduction of the wrist
225
3
Extensor capri ulnaris - radial nerve - extension of the wrist and adduction (ulnar deviation)
226
4
Brachioradialis - radial nerve - flexes elbow when the forearm is in neutral
227
5
Anconeus - radial nerve - extension of the elbow
228
6
Extensor digitorum radial nerve - extension of wrist and MP joints
229
1
Anconeus - radial nerve - extends forearm and shoulders
230
2
flexor capri ulnaris - anterior compartment
231
3
common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of humerus)
232
4
brachioradialis - inserts above common extensor tendon - distally - distal radius elbow flexion
233
5
extensor capri radialis longus - extension of wrist - abduction of wrist
234
6
extension capri radialis brevis - o- common extensor tendon extension of wrist - radio/carpal joint abduction of wrist - radiocarpal joint
235
7
extensor digitorum muscle - extends the medial 4 digits at MCP joints * main - extends wrist, MCP, PIP,
236
8
extensor retinaculum
237
9
extensor digiti minimi - extends the 5th finger at MP joint - extension of radiocarpal joint (wrist)
238
10
extensor capri ulnaris - attaches to common extensor tendon extension of wrist (radiocarpal joint) adduction of wrist joint - ulnar deviation
239
1
supinator - supplies the forearm at the elbow (when extended) - radial nerve
240
1
extensor pollicis brevis - radial nerve - extension of the proximal phalanx of thumb - extension and abduction of CMC joint of thumb
241
2
abductor pollicis longus - radial nerve - abduction, extension of thumb at cmc
242
3
extensor pollicis longus - radial nerve - extension of thumb at DIP, MP, CMC
243
a
abductor pollicis longus - radial nerve - abduction and extension of thumb at cmc
244
b
extensor pollicis brevis - radial nerve - extension of proximal phalanx of thumb - assists in extension and abduction of thumb at cmc
245
c
extensor pollicis longus - radial nerve - extension of thumb at DIP - assists in extension of CMC and MP
246
1
extensor digitorum 4 tendons extension of wrist
247
1
extensor capri ulnaris - extends the wrist joint adduction of wrist joint
248
main action of extensor digitorum
extend 4 digits at the MCP joints
249
main action of extensor capri radialis longus
extension and radial deviation (abduction) of wrist
250
main action of extensor capri radialis brevis
extension and radial deviation (abduction of the wrist)
251
main action of brachioradialis
flexion of the elbow
252
main action of the extensor capri ulnaris
extension and ulnar deviation - adduction of wrist
253
main action of supinator muscle
supinates the forearm
254
main action of extensor digiti minimi
extends the 5th finger (little finger) at the MP joint
255
a
superficial branch oft he radial nerve -purely sensory (skin on dorsum of hand)
256
b
deep branch of the radial nerve (posterior interosseus nerve) - main motor supply to the extensors of forearm
257
1
extensor retinaculum
258
2
radial artery
259
4
abductor pollicis longus - radial nerve - abduction of the thumb
260
5
extensor pollicis brevis - radial nerve - extends MCP , CMC joints, of thumb
261
6
extensor pollicis longus - radial nerve - extends all joints of thumb
262
1
tendons of 1. extensor pollicis brevis 2. abductor pollicis longus
263
2
tendon of 2. extensor pollicis longus
264
Colles fracture ?
Anterior displacement (movement) of the wrist falling onto extended wrist!! - common
265
Smiths fracture?
Posterior displacement of the radius falling onto a flexed wrist (less common)
266
most commonly fractured carpal bone?
scaphoid bone falling on an extended wrist pain on palpation of the snuff box (can also interrupt blood supply from radial artery -> necrosis)
267
1
middle conjoint tendon
268
2
oblique interosseus fibres
269
5
dorsal interosseus
270
3
extensor digitorum tendon
270
4
proximal phalanges
271
6
lumbrical
272
7
terminal conjoint tendon
Anatomy Year 2 Term 2
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