Personality Psychology (video)
scientific study about CONSISTENT patterns of thoughts/feelings/behaviours that characterize a person throughout their life
what same what changes?
Personality Psyc vs Social Psyc
Social Psyc: causes of behaviour in a SITUATION (rely on experiments)
Personality Psyc: causes of behaviour in a PERSON (correlational/longitudinal research)
Critical Questions of Personality Psyc
what units to use to understand personality (traits, motives, expectancies)
how/when does personality predicts behaviour
how personality changes over time
Define Personality
what person does/feels/thinks over time & across situations
The Psychological Triad
- Emotions
- Cognitions
- Behaviours
Goal of Personality Psyc
understanding the whole person (combine other areas of psyc)
Approaches: Galen
Humourism:
1. blood - sanguine (cheerful)
2. phlegm - phlegmatic (calm)
3. yellow bile - choleric (ambitious)
4. black bile - melancholic (thoughtful)
Approaches: James
Self & Identity:
sense of self = what we do (as the doer) + what we have/are aware of (what we observe abt self)
Approaches: Freud
Psychoanalysis:
1. Id - instinctual drives (sex)
2. Ego - rational mediator
3. Super Ego - internalized morals
Approaches: Maslow
Self-Actualisation:
1. physiological (food)
2. safety (security)
3. love/belonging (relationships)
4. esteem needs (self-worth)
5. self-actualisation (fulfilling potential)
Approaches: John
Big 5 Traits
1. openness to experience (curious)
2. neuroticism (anxiety)
3. conscientiousness (organized)
4. extraversion (sociable)
5. agreeableness (kind)
Biological Approach
understand mind in terms of body
Psychoanalytic Approach
focus on unconscious mind & internal mental conflict
Trait Approach
how ppl differ psychologically
Phenomenological Approach
ppls conscious experience of world
1. humanistic - how awareness produce unique attributes
2. cross-cultural - how reality differs across cultures
Pros & Cons: accounting for whole person & real-life concerns
pro: inclusive, interesting, important
con: overwhelming, unfocused research
Pros & Cons: addressing research through separate approaches
pro: each approach specific to question
con: each approach cannot address other questions/ignores
Pros & Cons: emphasis on individual differences
pro: sensitivity/respect for individual differences
con: oversimplify, misrepresent, devalue ppl
