PSYC 305 > W9 > Flashcards

W9 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Humanist Position

A

study of mind & humans’ subjective world

should not/can not approach in same way as physics/chemistry

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2
Q

Fundamental difference b/w mind & objects

A

awareness/consciousness

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3
Q

Phenomenology

A

person’s conscious experience of the world

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4
Q

Self-awareness is at the heart of…

A

free will, happiness, goals, perception, imagination

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5
Q

what is more important?

world itself OR conscious experience of world?

A

conscious experience of world probably psychologically more important than world itself

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6
Q

Contrual

A

unique way individual sees & experiences the world

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7
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A

psychology’s job to study how people perceive, understand, experience reality

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8
Q

Wilhelm Wundt (Construal)

A

pioneered introspection as research method

(observe own perception & thoughts)

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9
Q

Personal Construct Theory (George Kelly)

A

one’s cognitive system integrates various construals into individually held theory of how world works

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10
Q

What is personal construct informed by?

A

chosen interpretations of past experiences

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11
Q

what does personal construct system help determine?

A

how new experiences are construed

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12
Q

Constructive Alternativism

A

same lived experience can be constructed very differently

(neither is more right/wrong than others)

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13
Q

MAXIMISERS (Personal Construct Differences)

A

people who believe one should always seek to “get as much as possible”

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14
Q

SACRIFICERS (Personal Construct Differences)

A

people who believe one should seek outcome that is “good enough”

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15
Q

MAXIMISERS (Life Outcomes)

A

prone to perfectionism, depression, regret

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16
Q

SACRIFICERS (Life Outcomes)

A

happier, more optimistic, higher life satisfaction

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17
Q

2 basic assumptions + 1 added assumption of OPTIMISTIC HUMANISM (Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow)

A

basic:
1. phenomenology is central
2. people have free will

added
1. in their nature, humans are good

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18
Q

What was Carl Rogers most known for?

A

humans have basic striving towards SELF-ACTUALIZATION

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19
Q

Self-Actualization

A

maintaining & enhancing one’s experience of life

achieving full realisation of creative, intellectual, social potential

GOAL of human existence = satisfy need for self-actualization

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20
Q

What was Abraham Maslow most known for?

A

hierarchy of needs = structure of human motivation

lower-level needs to be met first

self-actualization only active when other needs met

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21
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A
  1. Basic Physiological Needs (food, water)
  2. Safety, security, comfort, sex
  3. Belonging, social activity
  4. Status, esteem
  5. Self-actualization
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22
Q

What did Maslow & Rogers believe to be the best way to live?

A

as a fully functioning person

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23
Q

What does it mean to be a fully functioning person?

A
  1. aware of reality & yourself
  2. accurately perceive world w/o fear, self-doubt, neurotic distortion
  3. free of conditions of worth (ie. ppl only value me if…)
  4. life is rich in emotion, self-discovery, empathy, trust, creativity, open-mindedness
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24
Q

Positive Psychology

Study These Flashcards
A

most of history, psych focused on pathology & malfunction (ignore positive & optimal functioning)

late 1990s, birth positive psyc
- what makes life worth living
- studies traits, processes, social institution that promote happiness, fulfilment, flourishing

25
Virtues
AKA character strengths uniformly positive character traits not something we have, something we strive to make ourselves better
26
Core Virtues (6)
1. Courage 2. Justice 3. Humanity 4. Temperance 5. Wisdom 6. Transcendence
27
COURAGE (core virtue)
will to accomplish goals in face of opposition ie. bravery, perseverance, honestly
28
JUSTICE (core virtue)
strengths that underlie healthy community life ie. fairness, leadership, teamwork
29
HUMANITY (core virtue)
protecting & taking care of others ie. love, kindness
30
TEMPERANCE (core virtue)
protect against excess ie. forgiveness, humility, self-control
31
WISDOM (core virtue)
acquisition & use of knowledge ie. creativity, curiosity, judgement, perspective
32
TRANSCENDENCE (core virtue)
meaning to life by connecting to larger universe ie. gratitude, hope, spirituality
33
Each Virtue may solve crucial survival problems
1. JUSTICE prevents anarchy & chaos 2. HUMANITY prevents cruelty 3. WISDOM prevents stupidity
34
GOAL of positive psychology
maximise positive experiences
35
Flow
time spent in autotelic activities (activities enjoyable for own sake) best state of experience
36
What happens during FLOW?
1. concentration, thoughts concerning only activity at hand 2. elevated mood (not ecstatic) 3. time pass very quickly 4. skills & challenge balanced
37
What did Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi say about flow?
secret for enhancing quality of life = spend as much time in flow as possible
38
What are the downsides of flow?
1. solitary happiness 2. difficult interact w/ ppl in flow 3. lose track of time/space 4. not for everyone
39
What is AWE?
emotional response to mysterious, pause to wonder & be amazed realization that life is so much bigger, richer, more than we are/will ever be awe humbles us
40
Mahatma Gandi (what is happiness)?
when what you think, what you say, what you do are in harmony
41
Alber Schweizer/Ingrid Bergman (what is happiness)?
good health & a bad memory
42
Harald Juhnke (what is happiness)?
empty schedule & a bit of tipsiness
43
3 components of happiness (AKA subjective well-being)
1. overall life satisfaction 2. satisfaction w/ specific aspects of life (ie. job, relationships) 3. frequent positive feelings & infrequent negative feelings
44
Hedonic Well-being
seeking to maximise pleasure & minimise pain
45
Eudaimonic Well-being
seeking a meaningful life, a life of virtue or in pursuit of human excellence
46
Psychological Richness
fill life w/ diverse & interesting experiences results in perspective changes curious, explorative, challenge-seeking
47
3 paths of a good life
1. psychological richness 2. happiness 3. meaning
48
Characteristics of PSYCHOLOGICAL RICHNESS
features = variety, novelty big 5 = openness, extraversion outcomes = wisdom last words = "what a journey!"
49
Characteristics of HAPPINESS (hedonic well being)
features = stability, security big 5 = extraversion, low neuroticism outcomes = personal satisfaction last words = "It was fun!"
50
Characteristics of MEANING (eudomonic well-being)
features = purpose, coherence big 5 = conscientiousness, extraversion outcomes = social contribution last words = "I made a difference!"
51
Set Point (source of happiness)
personal happiness baseline-level influenced by genes, extraversion (higher set point) & neuroticism (lower set point) intentional activity (diff source = diff from of happiness)
52
Top 5 strategies to boost happiness
1. making gratitude list 2. spending time w/ others 3. mindfulness/meditation 4. exercise/physical activity 5. spending time in nature
53
Intentional Activity
outlook = looking on bright side, see life as long & easy make time for things that matter work on important life goals
54
Can money buy happiness?
lower income = greater misery consistently positive relationships b/w income & happiness economic inequality high = income & happiness more related
55
How to spend money?
1. spend on experiences (vs possession) 2. spend on others (vs yourself) 3. buy self time (ie. hire cleaner)
56
downsides of happiness
1. failure recognize risky situations 2. happiness at wrong time, harder to make things better 3. trying to be happy = disapointment when fails 4. negative form of happiness = arrogant/ hubristic happiness
57
Benefits of happy people
1. more confident, optimistic, likeable, sociable, energetic 2. popular, stable social relationships, supportive, rewarding 3. occupational success 4. greater generosity 5. better health & longevity
58
2 reasons why causal relationship (happiness) not always clear
1. third variable - traits that cause wealth also cause happiness 2. bidirectionality - happiness cause & outcome of good health, work success, relationships
59
Self-perpetuating Cycle
use happiness as foundation for creating & growing happiness for yourself & others
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