PSYC 305 > W7 > Flashcards

W7 Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

3 assumptions to Psychodynamic Approach to Personality

A
  1. primacy of unconscious (psychological processes happen outside conscious awareness)
  2. critical importance of early experiences (personality shaped by childhood events)
  3. psychic determinism (everything behaviour has a root cause)
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2
Q

3 core models

A
  1. structural model
  2. topographic model
  3. psychosexual model
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3
Q

Structural Model

A

behaviour & personality = outcome of Id, Ego, Super Ego

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4
Q

The Id

A

irrational & emotional

driven by pleasure principle (immediate gratification), comprises drives, instinct, impulse, motivation

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5
Q

The Ego

A

rational, logical, reality-oriented

mediator b/w desires by id & morality by superego, controller/decision-maker

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6
Q

The Superego

A

moral, conscience, guidelines, rules, prohibitions

tells us things we should/shouldn’t do, strive for perfection & demands guilt if fail

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7
Q

The Topographic Model

A
  1. consicous mind
  2. preconscious mind
  3. unconscious mind
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8
Q

Conscious Mind (topographic model)

A

what focus on right now, least important

some of ego

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9
Q

Preconscious Mind (topographic model)

A

not currently aware but can bring into awareness

ego & superego

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10
Q

Unconscious Mind (topographic model)

A

part of mind you are not aware of, difficult to bring to surface, manifests in dreams, slips of tongue

all id, parts of ego & superego

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11
Q

Psychic Conflict

A

different parts of mind want different things

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12
Q

Compromise Formation

A

finding a compromise b/w conflicting goals (ego’s main job), results manifest as conscious thoughts & behaviours

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13
Q

how do the 3 psychic structures affect personality?

A
  1. dominant id = impulsive personality
  2. dominant ego = balanced personality
  3. dominante superego = restrained, overcontrolled personality
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14
Q

what is the ego’s second main job?

A

manage anxiety/threat w/ defence mechanisms

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15
Q

What is the use of defence mechanisms?

A

short-term gains: relieve from anxiety/threat

long-term risk: disengagement from reality

*diff personality = diff defence mechanisms

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16
Q

What are the 7 prominent defence mechanisms?

A
  1. denial
  2. displacement
  3. projection
  4. rationalization
  5. reaction formation
  6. repression
  7. sublimation
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17
Q

denial (defence mechanism)

A

failing to appreciate negative implications of event/experience

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18
Q

displacement (defence mechanism)

A

redirect forbidden impulse onto safer target

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19
Q

projection (defence mechanism)

A

attribute unwanted impulse/desire in self to other ppl

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20
Q

rationalization (defence mechanism)

A

come up w/ logical justifications for engaging in unacceptable acts

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21
Q

reaction formation (defence mechanism)

A

expressing outwardly exact opposite of what one is feeling inwardly

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22
Q

repression (defence mechanism)

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A

moving upsetting info from conscious to unconscious part of mind

23
Q

sublimation (defence mechanism)

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A

expressing unacceptable impulses in way that brings rewards vs punishments

24
Q

which are the most adaptive defence styles?

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A

rationalisation & sublimation

25
which are the least adaptive defence styles?
repression & reaction formation
26
Freudian Slips / Parapraxes
unintended actions caused by suppressed thoughts/impulses leak from unconscious mind - manifest as mistake/accident
27
What is psychic determinism? (freudian slips/parapraxes)
Freud: there are no accidents, alls lips are revealing, none happen at random
28
What are the 5 psychosexual stages
1. oral 2. anal 3. phallic 4. latency 5. genital
28
Freudian Theory
personality developed across 5 psychosexual stages
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Fixation
developmental conflict does not get resolved, affects personality style
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Regression
when under stress, ppl retreat to earlier stage
31
Oral Stage
only id, birth-18months physical focus: mouth, lips, tongue pleasure: sucking, drinking psychological theme: dependency & passivity developmental task: infantile dependency -> autonomy 2 ways go wrong: frustration of needs/over-gratification of needs adult personality: overly independent vs helpless, passive needy
32
Anal Stage
develop ego, 18month-3yrs physical focus: anus pleasure: bowel movements psychological theme: self control & obedience developmental task: learning to exercise control over body & impulse (toilet training) 2 ways go wrong: toilet training too harsh/too lenient adult personality: anal retentive personality (tidy/orderly), anal expulsive personality (messy/chaotic)
33
Phallic Stage
oedipus complex/elektra complex develop morality conscience, superego, 3.5-7yo physical focus: sex organs (penis, clitoris) pleasure: genitals as primary erogenous zones psychological theme: gender identity & sexuality, love, fear, jealousy developmental task: mastering competitive urges & gender role-related behaviours adult personality: rigid moral code vs lack of moral code
34
Oedipus Complex
sons secretly lust after their mom, see father as rival -> learns from father
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Latency Period
not stage of development, break from development 7yrs to puberty sexual feelings repressed (boys/girls little-no interest in opposite sex) sexual feeling less important (focus on productive/rewarding activities)
36
Genital Stage
Id, ego, superego well-balanced, puberty onwards (not passed through, attained) physical focus: genitals, sexuality in context of mature relationship psychological theme: maturity adult personality: psychologically well adjusted & balanced, high mental health
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Common themes in neo-freudian thought
less emphasis on: 1. sex drive 2. unconscious mental processes & more on conscious thought 3. instinctual drives & mental life as course of psychological difficulties, more interpersonal relationships
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8 stages of Erik Erikson Psychosocial Development
1. trust vs mistrust 2. autonomy vs shame & doubt 3. initiative vs guilt 4. industry vs inferiority 5. identity vs identity confusion 6. intimacy vs isolation 7. generativity vs stagnation 8. integrity vs despair
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trust & mistrust age & virtue (erik erikson psychosocial development)
birth-2yo, hope
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autonomy vs shame & doubt (erik erikson psychosocial development)
2-4yo, will
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initiative vs guilt (erik erikson psychosocial development)
4-7yo, purpose
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industry vs inferiority (erik erikson psychosocial development)
7-12yo, competence
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identity vs identity confusion (erik erikson psychosocial development)
12-18yo, fidelity
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intimacy vs isolation (erik erikson psychosocial development)
18-40yo, love
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generativity vs stagation (erik erikson psychosocial development)
40-60yo, care
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integrity vs despair (erik erikson psychosocial development)
65+ yo, wisdom
47
Object Relations Theory (Melanie Klein)
"interpersonal relations theory" assumption = personality reflects mental images of significant figures we form early in life from experience mental images = templates for later interpersonal relationships
48
Criticisms of psychodynamic approaches
1. excessive complexity 2. case study method 3. vague definitions/frequent revisions 4. unfalsifiability (esp defence mechanisms) 5. sexism
49
Why study psychodynamic approaches?
1. high popularity & effective psychotherapy 2. talking abt problems as therapy 3. most complete theory of personality 4. ideas how mental life influenced by psychoanalytic approach 5. strong influence on popular culture
50
Supporting empirical evidence of psychodynamic approaches
1. unconscious: everyday behaviours are partly driven by proccesses outside of our awareness 2. use of defence mechanisms in general & implications for psychological & physical health 3. mental representations of self & others as blueprints for future relationships
51
How does culture influence self?
individualistic cultures (us, uk) = self defined by personal traits collectivist cultures (india, japan) = self defined by relationships & group belonging
52
Neuropsychoanalysis
psychodynamic theory & neuroscience seek biological grounding for unconscious processes, dream formation, emotional regulation
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