week 1

Question 1

1. Functions of the blood include all of the following, except

A) transport of nutrients and wastes.
B) generation of body heat.
C) restricting fluid loss.
D) body defence.
E) regulation of pH and electrolyte concentration of interstitial fluids.

Answer 1

1. Functions of the blood include all of the following, except

A) transport of nutrients and wastes.
**B) generation of body heat. **
C) restricting fluid loss.
D) body defence.
E) regulation of pH and electrolyte concentration of interstitial fluids.

Question 2

2. Blood is composed of all of the following, except

A) plasma.
B) formed elements.
C) blood cells.
D) cell fragments.
E) interstitial fluid.

Answer 2

2. Blood is composed of all of the following, except

A) plasma.
B) formed elements.
C) blood cells.
D) cell fragments.
**E) interstitial fluid. **

Question 3

3. The formed elements of the blood include

A) blood cells.
B) clotting proteins.
C) defence proteins.
D) lipoproteins.
E) albumins.

Answer 3

3. The formed elements of the blood include

**A) blood cells. **
B) clotting proteins.
C) defence proteins.
D) lipoproteins.
E) albumins.

Question 4

4. The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

A) serum.
B) lymph.
C) whole blood.
D) extracellular fluid.
E) packed blood.

Answer 4

4. The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

A) serum.
B) lymph.
C) whole blood.
D) extracellular fluid.
E) packed blood.

Question 5

5. When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from

A) the heart.
B) the lungs.
C) an artery.
D) a vein.
E) capillaries.

Answer 5

5. When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from

A) the heart.
B) the lungs.
**C) an artery. **
D) a vein.
E) capillaries.

Question 6

6. Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a

A) temperature approximately 38 degrees Celsius.
B) viscosity about the same as water.
C) pH of 7.4.
D) bright red colour if taken from an artery.
E) dull red colour if taken from a vein.

Answer 6

6. Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a

A) temperature approximately 38 degrees Celsius.
**B) viscosity about the same as water. **
C) pH of 7.4.
D) bright red colour if taken from an artery.
E) dull red colour if taken from a vein.

Question 7

7. Fresh whole blood for testing in a laboratory is usually collected from

A) the heart.
B) a superficial artery.
C) a superficial vein.
D) a capillary.
E) an arteriole.

Answer 7

7. Fresh whole blood for testing in a laboratory is usually collected from

A) the heart.
B) a superficial artery.
**C) a superficial vein. **
D) a capillary.
E) an arteriole.

Question 8

8. The total volume of blood in the body of a 70kg man is approximately _____ litres.

A) 25–30
B) 10–15
C) 5–6
D) 2–4
E) less than 2

Answer 8

8. The total volume of blood in the body of a 70kg man is approximately _____ litres.

A) 25–30
B) 10–15
**C) 5–6 **
D) 2–4
E) less than 2

8%

Question 9

9. A person who has a low blood volume is said to be

A) hypovolaemic.
B) hypervolaemic.
C) normovolaemic.
D) isovolaemic.
E) antivolaemic.

Answer 9

9. A person who has a low blood volume is said to be

**A) hypovolaemic. **
B) hypervolaemic.
C) normovolaemic.
D) isovolaemic.
E) antivolaemic.

Question 10

10. The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the

A) amount of water.
B) quantity of electrolytes.
C) quantity of organic wastes.
D) concentration of dissolved oxygen and proteins.
E) concentration of glucose.

Answer 10

10. The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the

A) amount of water.
B) quantity of electrolytes.
C) quantity of organic wastes.
**D) concentration of dissolved oxygen and proteins. **
E) concentration of glucose.

Question 11

11. The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

A) globulins.
B) transport proteins.
C) albumins.
D) lipoproteins.
E) fibrinogens.

Answer 11

11. The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

A) globulins.
B) transport proteins.
C) albumins.
D) lipoproteins.
E) fibrinogens.

Question 12

12. Plasma proteins that are important in body defence are the

A) albumins.
B) fibrinogens.
C) immunoglobulins.
D) metalloproteins.
E) lipoproteins.

Answer 12

12. Plasma proteins that are important in body defence are the

A) albumins.
B) fibrinogens.
**C) immunoglobulins. **
D) metalloproteins.
E) lipoproteins.

Question 13

13. Plasma proteins that are necessary for blood clotting are the

A) albumins.
B) fibrinogens.
C) immunoglobulins.
D) metalloproteins.
E) lipoproteins.

Answer 13

13. Plasma proteins that are necessary for blood clotting are the

A) albumins.
**B) fibrinogens. **
C) immunoglobulins.
D) metalloproteins.
E) lipoproteins.

Question 14

14. Red blood cells are formed in

A) the liver.
B) the spleen.
C) red bone marrow.
D) yellow bone marrow.
E) lymph nodes.

Answer 14

14. Red blood cells are formed in

A) the liver.
B) the spleen.
**C) red bone marrow. **
D) yellow bone marrow.
E) lymph nodes.

Question 15

15. Stem cells responsible for the production of most white blood cells originate in the

A) liver.
B) thymus.
C) spleen.
D) red bone marrow.
E) lymph tissue.

Answer 15

15. Stem cells responsible for the production of most white blood cells originate in the

A) liver.
B) thymus.
C) spleen.
**D) red bone marrow. **
E) lymph tissue.

Question 16

16. Stem cells responsible for the process of lymphopoiesis are located in all of the following, except

A) the spleen.
B) the kidney.
C) the lymph nodes.
D) the red bone marrow.
E) the thymus.

Answer 16

16. Stem cells responsible for the process of lymphopoiesis are located in all of the following, except

A) the spleen.
**B) the kidney. **
C) the lymph nodes.
D) the red bone marrow.
E) the thymus.

Question 17

17. Agranular leukocytes are formed in

A) the liver.
B) the spleen.
C) the thymus.
D) red bone marrow.
E) yellow bone marrow.

Answer 17

17. Agranular leukocytes are formed in

A) the liver.
B) the spleen.
C) the thymus.
**D) red bone marrow. **
E) yellow bone marrow.

Question 18

18. Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

A) thymosin.
B) angiotensin I.
C) erythropoietin.
D) M-CSF.
E) cobalamin.

Answer 18

18. Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

A) thymosin.
B) angiotensin I.
C) erythropoietin.
D) M-CSF.
E) cobalamin.

Question 19

19. Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?

A) Red cells are biconcave discs.
B) Red cells lack mitochondria.
C) Red cells have a large nucleus.
D) Red cells are specialized for carrying oxygen.
E) Red cells can form stacks called rouleaux.

Answer 19

19. Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?

A) Red cells are biconcave discs.
B) Red cells lack mitochondria.
**C) Red cells have a large nucleus. **
D) Red cells are specialized for carrying oxygen.
E) Red cells can form stacks called rouleaux.

Question 20

20. The function of red blood cells is to

A) remove carbon dioxide from active cells.
B) remove nitrogenous wastes from active tissues.
C) carry oxygen from the lungs to the body’s cells.
D) carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body’s cells.
E) defend the body against infectious organisms.

Answer 20

20. The function of red blood cells is to

A) remove carbon dioxide from active cells.
B) remove nitrogenous wastes from active tissues.
**C) carry oxygen from the lungs to the body’s cells. **
D) carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body’s cells.
E) defend the body against infectious organisms.

Question 21

21. The function of haemoglobin is to

A) carry oxygen.
B) protect the body against infectious agents.
C) aid in the process of blood clotting.
D) carry nutrients from the intestine to the body’s cells.
E) both A and C

Answer 21

21. The function of haemoglobin is to

**A) carry oxygen. **
B) protect the body against infectious agents.
C) aid in the process of blood clotting.
D) carry nutrients from the intestine to the body’s cells.
E) both A and C

Question 22

22. A condition in which the haematocrit is elevated and the blood volume is normal would be

A) polycythemia.
B) leukocytosis.
C) thrombocytosis.
D) anemia.
E) leukemia.

Answer 22

22. A condition in which the haematocrit is elevated and the blood volume is normal would be

**A) polycythemia. **
B) leukocytosis.
C) thrombocytosis.
D) anemia.
E) leukemia.

Question 23

23. A red blood cell that contains normal amounts of haemoglobin would be called

A) hyperchromic.
B) normochromic.
C) hypochromic.
D) normocytic.
E) macrocytic.

Answer 23

23. A red blood cell that contains normal amounts of haemoglobin would be called

A) hyperchromic.
**B) normochromic. **
C) hypochromic.
D) normocytic.
E) macrocytic.

Question 24

24. An anaemia that is caused by failure of the bone marrow to produce new red blood cells is called _____________ anaemia.

A) pernicious
B) dietary
C) hemorrhagic
D) aplastic
E) sickle cell

Answer 24

24. An anaemia that is caused by failure of the bone marrow to produce new red blood cells is called _____________ anaemia.

A) pernicious
B) dietary
C) hemorrhagic
**D) aplastic **
E) sickle cell

Question 25

25. Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by the ## Footnote A) spleen. B) thymus gland. C) kidneys. D) digestive tract. E) both A and C

Answer 25

25. Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by the ## Footnote **A) spleen. ** B) thymus gland. C) kidneys. D) digestive tract. E) both A and C

Question 26

26. The waste product bilirubin is produced from ## Footnote A) globin chains of haemoglobin. B) portions of haeme molecules that contain iron. C) portions of haeme molecules that do not contain iron. D) iron found in haemoglobin molecules. E) abnormal proteins found in red blood cells.

Answer 26

26. The waste product bilirubin is produced from ## Footnote A) globin chains of haemoglobin. B) portions of haeme molecules that contain iron. **C) portions of haeme molecules that do not contain iron. ** D) iron found in haemoglobin molecules. E) abnormal proteins found in red blood cells.

Question 27

27. Most of the iron that is removed from degraded haemoglobin is ## Footnote A) excreted by the kidneys. B) excreted by the liver. C) excreted by the intestines. D) recycled to the bone marrow. E) stored in yellow bone marrow.

Answer 27

27. Most of the iron that is removed from degraded haemoglobin is ## Footnote A) excreted by the kidneys. B) excreted by the liver. C) excreted by the intestines. **D) recycled to the bone marrow. ** E) stored in yellow bone marrow.

Question 28

28. In adults, erythropoiesis primarily takes place in ## Footnote A) the liver. B) yellow bone marrow. C) myeloid tissue. D) the spleen. E) the kidneys.

Answer 28

28. In adults, erythropoiesis primarily takes place in ## Footnote A) the liver. B) yellow bone marrow. **C) myeloid tissue. ** D) the spleen. E) the kidneys.

Question 29

29. In adults, red bone marrow is located in the ## Footnote A) sternum and ribs. B) diaphysis of long bones. C) body of vertebrae. D) all of the above E) A and C only

Answer 29

29. In adults, red bone marrow is located in the ## Footnote A) sternum and ribs. B) diaphysis of long bones. C) body of vertebrae. D) all of the above **E) A and C only **

Question 30

30. The process of red blood cell production is called ## Footnote A) erythrocytosis. B) erythropaenia. C) hemocytosis. D) erythropoiesis. E) haematopaenia.

Answer 30

30. The process of red blood cell production is called ## Footnote A) erythrocytosis. B) erythropaenia. C) hemocytosis. **D) erythropoiesis. ** E) haematopaenia.

Question 31

31. Erythrocytes are formed from stem cells called ## Footnote A) haemocytoblasts. B) reticulocytes. C) band cells. D) myeloid cells. E) pronormoblasts.

Answer 31

31. Erythrocytes are formed from stem cells called ## Footnote **A) haemocytoblasts. ** B) reticulocytes. C) band cells. D) myeloid cells. E) pronormoblasts.

Question 32

32. _______________ are immature erythrocytes that are sometimes found in peripheral blood samples. ## Footnote A) Erythroblasts B) Normoblasts C) Myeloblasts D) Band cells E) Reticulocytes

Answer 32

32. _______________ are immature erythrocytes that are sometimes found in peripheral blood samples. ## Footnote A) Erythroblasts B) Normoblasts C) Myeloblasts D) Band cells **E) Reticulocytes**

Question 33

33. Erythropoiesis increases when ## Footnote A) oxygen levels in the blood increase. B) oxygen levels in the blood decrease. C) carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase. D) carbon dioxide levels in the blood decrease. E) protein levels in the blood increase.

Answer 33

33. Erythropoiesis increases when ## Footnote A) oxygen levels in the blood increase. **B) oxygen levels in the blood decrease. ** C) carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase. D) carbon dioxide levels in the blood decrease. E) protein levels in the blood increase.

Question 34

34. A normal adult haematocrit would be ## Footnote A) 100. B) 75. C) 66. D) 45. E) 10.

Answer 34

34. A normal adult haematocrit would be ## Footnote A) 100. B) 75. C) 66. **D) 45**. E) 10.

Question 35

35. A person with type A blood has ## Footnote A) a agglutinins on their red blood cells. B) A agglutinogens in their plasma. C) B agglutinogens on their red blood cells. D) b agglutinins in their plasma. E) the ability to receive AB blood cells.

Answer 35

35. A person with type A blood has ## Footnote A) a agglutinins on their red blood cells. B) A agglutinogens in their plasma. C) B agglutinogens on their red blood cells. **D) b agglutinins in their plasma. ** E) the ability to receive AB blood cells.

Question 36

36. All of the following are true of neutrophils, except that they are ## Footnote A) granular leukocytes. B) phagocytic. C) also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes. D) important in coagulation. E) active in fighting bacterial infections.

Answer 36

36. All of the following are true of neutrophils, except that they are ## Footnote A) granular leukocytes. B) phagocytic. C) also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes. **D) important in coagulation.** E) active in fighting bacterial infections.

Question 37

37. White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are ## Footnote A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes.

Answer 37

37. White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are ## Footnote A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. **C) basophils.** D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes.

Question 38

38. _____________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells. ## Footnote A) Neutrophils B) Eosinophils C) Basophils D) Lymphocytes E) Monocytes

Answer 38

38. _____________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells. ## Footnote A) Neutrophils B) Eosinophils C) Basophils D) Lymphocytes **E) Monocytes **

Question 39

39. White blood cells that increase in number during an allergic reaction or in response to parasitic infections are the ## Footnote A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes.

Answer 39

39. White blood cells that increase in number during an allergic reaction or in response to parasitic infections are the ## Footnote A) neutrophils. **B) eosinophils. ** C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes.

Question 40

40. Platelets function in all of the following, **except** ## Footnote A) dissolving a formed clot. B) forming temporary patches in injured areas. C) contraction after clot formation. D) initiating the clotting process. E) transporting chemicals important for clotting.

Answer 40

40. Platelets function in all of the following, except ## Footnote **A) dissolving a formed clot. ** B) forming temporary patches in injured areas. C) contraction after clot formation. D) initiating the clotting process. E) transporting chemicals important for clotting.

Question 41

41. Platelets are formed from cells in the bone marrow called ## Footnote A) erythroblasts. B) normoblasts. C) megakaryocytes. D) myeloblasts. E) lymphoblasts.

Answer 41

41. Platelets are formed from cells in the bone marrow called ## Footnote A) erythroblasts. B) normoblasts. **C) megakaryocytes. ** D) myeloblasts. E) lymphoblasts.

Question 42

42. Platelets are ## Footnote A) large cells that lack a nucleus. B) small cells that lack a nucleus. C) large cells with a prominent, indented nucleus. D) small cells with a many-shaped nucleus. E) fragments of large megakaryocyte cells.

Answer 42

42. Platelets are ## Footnote A) large cells that lack a nucleus. B) small cells that lack a nucleus. C) large cells with a prominent, indented nucleus. D) small cells with a many-shaped nucleus. **E) fragments of large megakaryocyte cells. **

Question 43

43. The main event of the platelet phase is ## Footnote A) vascular spasm. B) activation of fibrinogen. C) clot retraction. D) formation of a platelet plug. E) contraction of platelets.

Answer 43

43. The main event of the platelet phase is ## Footnote A) vascular spasm. B) activation of fibrinogen. C) clot retraction. **D) formation of a platelet plug. ** E) contraction of platelets.

Question 44

44. The most abundant blood cells in the body are ## Footnote A) RBCs. B) plasma. C) WBCs. D) leukocytes. E) none of the above

Answer 44

44. The most abundant blood cells in the body are ## Footnote **A) RBCs. ** B) plasma. C) WBCs. D) leukocytes. E) none of the above

Question 45

45. As a result of breaking down large amounts of RBCs, your skin may appear ________ in colour. ## Footnote A) tan B) pink C) yellow D) red E) none of the above

Answer 45

45. As a result of breaking down large amounts of RBCs, your skin may appear ________ in colour. ## Footnote A) tan B) pink **C) yellow** D) red E) none of the above

Question 46

46. A fibrin network that contains trapped blood cells and platelets is called a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 46

46. A fibrin network that contains trapped blood cells and platelets is called a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Answer: blood clot

Question 47

47. __________________ is responsible for the red blood cell’s ability to transport oxygen and CO2.

Answer 47

47. __________________ is responsible for the red blood cell’s ability to transport oxygen and CO2. Answer: Haemoglobin

Question 48

48. Anaemia causes a patient to feel lethargic, weak, and confused as a result of _______ starvation.

Answer 48

48. Anaemia causes a patient to feel lethargic, weak, and confused as a result of _______ starvation. Answer: oxygen

Question 49

49. __________ is a specialized fluid connective tissue that contains cells suspended in fluid matrix.

Answer 49

49. __________ is a specialized fluid connective tissue that contains cells suspended in fluid matrix. Answer: Blood

Question 50

50. Why do people with advanced kidney disease commonly become anaemic? ## Footnote

Answer 50

50. Why do people with advanced kidney disease commonly become anaemic? ## Footnote Answer: In many cases of kidney disease, the cells responsible for producing erythropoietin are damaged or destroyed. The reduction in erythropoietin levels leads to reduced erythropoiesis and fewer red blood cells, resulting in anaemia.