week 4

Question 1

1. Functions of the respiratory system include all of the following, except

A) protecting respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature changes, or other environmental variations.
B) defending the respiratory system and other tissues from pathogenic invasion.
C) providing an extensive area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood.
D) moving air to and from the exchange surface.
E) preventing choking from accidental respiration of chewed food.

Answer 1

1. Functions of the respiratory system include all of the following, except

A) protecting respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature changes, or other environmental variations.
B) defending the respiratory system and other tissues from pathogenic invasion.
C) providing an extensive area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood.
D) moving air to and from the exchange surface.
**E) preventing choking from accidental respiration of chewed food. **

Question 2

2. Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the

A) upper respiratory tract.
B) lower respiratory tract.
C) lungs.
D) alveoli.
E) bronchioles.

Answer 2

2. Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the

**A) upper respiratory tract. **
B) lower respiratory tract.
C) lungs.
D) alveoli.
E) bronchioles.

Question 3

3. Large airborne particles are filtered by

A) choanae.
B) the soft palate.
C) nasal hairs in the vestibule of the nose.
D) the nasal sinuses.
E) the nasopharynx.

Answer 3

3. Large airborne particles are filtered by

A) choanae.
B) the soft palate.
**C) nasal hairs in the vestibule of the nose. **
D) the nasal sinuses.
E) the nasopharynx.

Question 4

4. The function of the nasal conchae is to

A) divide the nasal cavity into a right and a left side.
B) provide an opening into the pharynx.
C) provide a surface for the sense of smell.
D) create turbulence in the air so as to trap small particulates in mucus.
E) provide an opening to the outside of the body.

Answer 4

4. The function of the nasal conchae is to

A) divide the nasal cavity into a right and a left side.
B) provide an opening into the pharynx.
C) provide a surface for the sense of smell.
**D) create turbulence in the air so as to trap small particulates in mucus. **
E) provide an opening to the outside of the body.

Question 5

5. Functions of the nasal cavity include all of the following, except,

A) filtering the air.
B) warming the air.
C) humidifying the air.
D) acting as a reservoir during coughing.
E) acting as a resonating chamber in speech.

Answer 5

5. Functions of the nasal cavity include all of the following, except,

A) filtering the air.
B) warming the air.
C) humidifying the air.
**D) acting as a reservoir during coughing. **
E) acting as a resonating chamber in speech.

Question 6

6. The openings to the nostrils are the

A) external nares.
B) internal nares.
C) vestibules.
D) turbinates.
E) palates.

Answer 6

6. The openings to the nostrils are the

**A) external nares. **
B) internal nares.
C) vestibules.
D) turbinates.
E) palates.

Question 7

7. The portion of the pharynx that receives both air and food is the

A) nasopharynx.
B) oropharynx.
C) laryngopharynx.
D) vestibule.
E) internal pharynx.

Answer 7

7. The portion of the pharynx that receives both air and food is the

A) nasopharynx.
**B) oropharynx. **
C) laryngopharynx.
D) vestibule.
E) internal pharynx.

Question 8

8. The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the

A) larynx.
B) glottis.
C) vestibule.
D) pharynx.
E) trachea.

Answer 8

8. The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the

A) larynx.
B) glottis.
C) vestibule.
**D) pharynx. **
E) trachea.

Question 9

9. The openings to the auditory tubes are located in the

A) nasopharynx.
B) oropharynx.
C) laryngopharynx.
D) larynx.
E) nasal cavity.

Answer 9

9. The openings to the auditory tubes are located in the

**A) nasopharynx. **
B) oropharynx.
C) laryngopharynx.
D) larynx.
E) nasal cavity.

Question 10

10. The palatine tonsils lie in the walls of the

A) nasopharynx.
B) oropharynx.
C) laryngopharynx.
D) larynx.
E) nasal cavity.

Answer 10

10. The palatine tonsils lie in the walls of the

A) nasopharynx.
**B) oropharynx. **
C) laryngopharynx.
D) larynx.
E) nasal cavity.

Question 11

11. The _____ is lined by squamous epithelium.

A) nasopharynx
B) trachea
C) laryngopharynx
D) larynx
E) nasal cavity

Answer 11

11. The _____ is lined by squamous epithelium.

A) nasopharynx
B) trachea
**C) laryngopharynx **
D) larynx
E) nasal cavity

Question 12

12. The larynx is composed of _____ cartilages.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 6
D) 9
E) 12

Answer 12

12. The larynx is composed of _____ cartilages.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 6
**D) 9 **
E) 12

Question 13

13. The glottis is

A) the inferior margin of the soft palate.
B) a flap of elastic cartilage.
C) the opening to the larynx.
D) the opening to the pharynx.
E) part of the hard palate.

Answer 13

13. The glottis is

A) the inferior margin of the soft palate.
B) a flap of elastic cartilage.
**C) the opening to the larynx. **
D) the opening to the pharynx.
E) part of the hard palate.

Question 14

14. The vocal folds are located in the

A) nasopharynx.
B) oropharynx.
C) larynx.
D) trachea.
E) bronchi.

Answer 14

14. The vocal folds are located in the

A) nasopharynx.
B) oropharynx.
**C) larynx. **
D) trachea.
E) bronchi.

Question 15

15. The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the _____ cartilage.

A) thyroid
B) cricoid
C) corniculate
D) cuneiform
E) epiglottiS

Answer 15

15. The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the _____ cartilage.

A) thyroid
B) cricoid
C) corniculate
D) cuneiform
**E) epiglottiS **

Question 16

16. Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds, resulting in

A) speech.
B) articulation.
C) phonation.
D) gagging.
E) coughing.

Answer 16

16. Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds, resulting in

A) speech.
B) articulation.
C) phonation.
D) gagging.
E) coughing.

Question 17

17. Which of the following is false of the trachea?

A) is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
B) is reinforced with C-shaped cartilages
C) contains many mucous glands
D) can alter its diameter when stimulated by the autonomic nervous system
E) contains bands of smooth muscle capable of autoresponse to changing atmospheric conditions

Answer 17

17. Which of the following is false of the trachea?

A) is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
B) is reinforced with C-shaped cartilages
C) contains many mucous glands
D) can alter its diameter when stimulated by the autonomic nervous system
**E) contains bands of smooth muscle capable of autoresponse to changing atmospheric conditions **

Question 18

18. The airway between the larynx and the primary bronchi is the

A) trachea.
B) bronchiole.
C) pharynx.
D) alveolar duct.
E) laryngeal duct.

Answer 18

18. The airway between the larynx and the primary bronchi is the

**A) trachea. **
B) bronchiole.
C) pharynx.
D) alveolar duct.
E) laryngeal duct.

Question 19

19. Secondary bronchi supply air to the

A) lungs.
B) lobes of the lungs.
C) lobules of the lungs.
D) alveoli.
E) alveolar ducts.

Answer 19

19. Secondary bronchi supply air to the

A) lungs.
**B) lobes of the lungs. **
C) lobules of the lungs.
D) alveoli.
E) alveolar ducts.

Question 20

20. The following is a list of some of the structures of the respiratory tree.
21. secondary bronchi
22. bronchioles
23. alveolar ducts
24. primary bronchi
25. respiratory bronchioles
26. alveoli
27. terminal bronchioles

The order in which air passes through these structures is

A) 4, 1, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6.
B) 4, 1, 2, 5, 7, 3, 6.
C) 1, 4, 2, 5, 7, 3, 6.
D) 1, 4, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6.
E) 2, 4, 1, 7, 5, 3, 6.

Answer 20

20. The following is a list of some of the structures of the respiratory tree.
21. secondary bronchi
22. bronchioles
23. alveolar ducts
24. primary bronchi
25. respiratory bronchioles
26. alveoli
27. terminal bronchioles

The order in which air passes through these structures is

**A) 4, 1, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6. **
B) 4, 1, 2, 5, 7, 3, 6.
C) 1, 4, 2, 5, 7, 3, 6.
D) 1, 4, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6.
E) 2, 4, 1, 7, 5, 3, 6.

Question 21

21. Structures formed by the branching of the trachea within the mediastinum are

A) bronchioles.
B) secondary bronchi.
C) tertiary bronchi.
D) primary bronchi.
E) alveoli.

Answer 21

21. Structures formed by the branching of the trachea within the mediastinum are

A) bronchioles.
B) secondary bronchi.
C) tertiary bronchi.
**D) primary bronchi. **
E) alveoli.

Question 22

22. The respiratory membrane consists primarily of

A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B) moist cuboidal epithelium.
C) simple squamous epithelium.
D) ciliated squamous epithelium.
E) surfactant cells.

Answer 22

22. The respiratory membrane consists primarily of

A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B) moist cuboidal epithelium.
**C) simple squamous epithelium. **
D) ciliated squamous epithelium.
E) surfactant cells.

Question 23

23. The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are
    A) bronchioles.
    B) alveolar ducts.
    C) pleural spaces.
    D) alveoli.
    E) terminal sacs.

Answer 23

23. The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are
    A) bronchioles.
    B) alveolar ducts.
    C) pleural spaces.
    **D) alveoli. **
    E) terminal sacs.

Question 24

24. Air moves out of the lungs because

A) the gas pressure in the lungs is less than outside pressure.
B) the volume of the lungs decreases with expiration.
C) the thorax is muscular.
D) contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the pleural cavity.
E) the respiratory control center initiates active expansion of the thorax.

Answer 24

24. Air moves out of the lungs because

A) the gas pressure in the lungs is less than outside pressure.
**B) the volume of the lungs decreases with expiration. **
C) the thorax is muscular.
D) contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the pleural cavity.
E) the respiratory control center initiates active expansion of the thorax.

Question 25

25. When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, ## Footnote A) the volume of the thorax increases. B) the volume of the thorax decreases. C) the volume of the lungs decreases. D) the lungs collapse. E) expiration occurs.

Answer 25

25. When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, ## Footnote **A) the volume of the thorax increases. ** B) the volume of the thorax decreases. C) the volume of the lungs decreases. D) the lungs collapse. E) expiration occurs.

Question 26

26. Pulmonary ventilation refers to the ## Footnote A) movement of air into and out of the lungs. B) movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood. C) movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the interstitial space. D) movement of dissolved gases from the interstitial space to the cells. E) utilization of oxygen.

Answer 26

26. Pulmonary ventilation refers to the ## Footnote A) movement of air into and out of the lungs. B) movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood. C) movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the interstitial space. D) movement of dissolved gases from the interstitial space to the cells. E) utilization of oxygen.

Question 27

27. Alveolar ventilation refers to the ## Footnote A) movement of air into and out of the lungs. B) movement of air into and out of the alveoli. C) movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood. D) movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the alveoli. E) utilization of oxygen by alveolar cells to support metabolism.

Answer 27

27. Alveolar ventilation refers to the ## Footnote A) movement of air into and out of the lungs. **B) movement of air into and out of the alveoli. ** C) movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood. D) movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the alveoli. E) utilization of oxygen by alveolar cells to support metabolism.

Question 28

28. The function of pulmonary ventilation is to ## Footnote A) remove carbon dioxide from the blood. B) supply oxygen to the blood. C) maintain an adequate alveolar ventilation. D) remove air from dead air space. E) prevent gas exchange in the bronchioles.

Answer 28

28. The function of pulmonary ventilation is to ## Footnote A) remove carbon dioxide from the blood. B) supply oxygen to the blood. **C) maintain an adequate alveolar ventilation. ** D) remove air from dead air space. E) prevent gas exchange in the bronchioles.

Question 29

29. The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is approximately A) 40 mm Hg. B) 45 mm Hg. C) 50 mm Hg. D) 70 mm Hg. E) 100 mm Hg. ## Footnote

Answer 29

29. The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is approximately A) 40 mm Hg. B) 45 mm Hg. C) 50 mm Hg. D) 70 mm Hg. **E) 100 mm Hg. **

Question 30

30. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood is approximately ## Footnote A) 40 mm Hg. B) 45 mm Hg. C) 50 mm Hg. D) 70 mm Hg. E) 100 mm Hg.

Answer 30

30. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood is approximately ## Footnote **A) 40 mm Hg. ** B) 45 mm Hg. C) 50 mm Hg. D) 70 mm Hg. E) 100 mm Hg.

Question 31

31. The partial pressure of oxygen in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately ## Footnote A) 40 mm Hg. B) 45 mm Hg. C) 50 mm Hg. D) 70 mm Hg. E) 100 mm Hg.

Answer 31

31. The partial pressure of oxygen in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately ## Footnote **A) 40 mm Hg. ** B) 45 mm Hg. C) 50 mm Hg. D) 70 mm Hg. E) 100 mm Hg.

Question 32

32. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately ## Footnote A) 40 mm Hg. B) 45 mm Hg. C) 50 mm Hg. D) 70 mm Hg. E) 100 mm Hg.

Answer 32

32. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately ## Footnote A) 40 mm Hg. **B) 45 mm Hg. ** C) 50 mm Hg. D) 70 mm Hg. E) 100 mm Hg.

Question 33

33. The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is ## Footnote A) pulmonary ventilation. B) external respiration. C) internal respiration. D) cellular respiration. E) breathing.

Answer 33

33. The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is ## Footnote A) pulmonary ventilation. B) external respiration. **C) internal respiration. ** D) cellular respiration. E) breathing.

Question 34

34. At a PO2 of 70 mm and normal temperature and pH, hemoglobin is _____ percent saturated with oxygen. ## Footnote A) 10 B) 25 C) 50 D) 75 E) more than 90

Answer 34

34. At a PO2 of 70 mm and normal temperature and pH, hemoglobin is _____ percent saturated with oxygen. ## Footnote A) 10 B) 25 C) 50 D) 75 **E) more than 90 **

Question 35

35. Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is ## Footnote A) dissolved in plasma. B) bound to hemoglobin. C) in ionic form as solute in the plasma. D) bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide. E) carried by white blood cells.

Answer 35

35. Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is ## Footnote A) dissolved in plasma. **B) bound to hemoglobin. ** C) in ionic form as solute in the plasma. D) bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide. E) carried by white blood cells.

Question 36

36. Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as ## Footnote A) solute dissolved in the plasma. B) carbaminohemoglobin. C) bicarbonate ions. D) solute dissolved in the cytoplasm of red blood cells. E) carbonic acid.

Answer 36

36. Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as ## Footnote A) solute dissolved in the plasma. B) carbaminohemoglobin. **C) bicarbonate ions. ** D) solute dissolved in the cytoplasm of red blood cells. E) carbonic acid.

Question 37

37. The most important chemical regulator of respiration is ## Footnote A) oxygen. B) carbon dioxide. C) bicarbonate ion. D) sodium ion. E) hemoglobin.

Answer 37

37. The most important chemical regulator of respiration is ## Footnote A) oxygen. **B) carbon dioxide. ** C) bicarbonate ion. D) sodium ion. E) hemoglobin.

Question 38

38. A 10 percent increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will ## Footnote A) decrease the rate of breathing. B) increase the rate of breathing. C) decrease pulmonary ventilation. D) decrease the alveolar ventilation rate. E) decrease the vital capacity.

Answer 38

38. A 10 percent increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will ## Footnote A) decrease the rate of breathing. **B) increase the rate of breathing. ** C) decrease pulmonary ventilation. D) decrease the alveolar ventilation rate. E) decrease the vital capacity.

Question 39

39. The term hypercapnia refers to ## Footnote A) the cessation of breathing. B) an increase in the PCO2. C) an increase in the PO2. D) an increase in pH. E) labored breathing.

Answer 39

39. The term hypercapnia refers to ## Footnote A) the cessation of breathing. **B) an increase in the PCO2. ** C) an increase in the PO2. D) an increase in pH. E) labored breathing.

Question 40

40. The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the _____ center. ## Footnote A) apneustic B) pneumotaxic C) inspiratory D) expiratory E) both A and C

Answer 40

40. The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the _____ center. ## Footnote A) apneustic B) pneumotaxic C) inspiratory **D) expiratory** E) both A and C

Question 41

41. Prolonged inspirations can result from stimulating the _____ center. ## Footnote A) apneustic B) pneumotaxic C) expiratory D) baroreceptor E) chemoreceptor

Answer 41

41. Prolonged inspirations can result from stimulating the _____ center. ## Footnote **A) apneustic ** B) pneumotaxic C) expiratory D) baroreceptor E) chemoreceptor

Question 42

42. The pneumotaxic center of the pons ## Footnote A) sets the at-rest respiratory pattern. B) prolongs inspiration. C) modifies the rate and depth of breathing. D) suppresses the expiratory center in the medulla. E) both B and C

Answer 42

42. The pneumotaxic center of the pons ## Footnote A) sets the at-rest respiratory pattern. B) prolongs inspiration. **C) modifies the rate and depth of breathing. ** D) suppresses the expiratory center in the medulla. E) both B and C

Question 43

43. Higher brain centers that alter the activity of the respiratory centers include all of the following, except ## Footnote A) association areas near the primary motor cortex. B) the precentral motor gyrus. C) the limbic cortex. D) the preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. E) Broca’s center.

Answer 43

43. Higher brain centers that alter the activity of the respiratory centers include all of the following, except ## Footnote A) association areas near the primary motor cortex. **B) the precentral motor gyrus. ** C) the limbic cortex. D) the preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. E) Broca’s center.

Question 44

44. Which of the following systems are responsible for elimination of CO2 as waste? ## Footnote A) urinary B) respiratory C) digestive D) all of the above E) A and B only

Answer 44

44. Which of the following systems are responsible for elimination of CO2 as waste? ## Footnote A) urinary B) respiratory C) digestive D) all of the above **E) A and B only **

Question 45

45. The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the ## Footnote A) upper respiratory tract. B) lower respiratory tract. C) middle respiratory tract. D) alveoli of the respiratory tract. E) respiratory mucosa.

Answer 45

45. The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the ## Footnote A) upper respiratory tract. **B) lower respiratory tract. ** C) middle respiratory tract. D) alveoli of the respiratory tract. E) respiratory mucosa.

Question 46

46. A mucosa consists of ## Footnote A) an epithelium. B) an underlying layer of areolar tissue. C) stratified squamous cells. D) both A and B E) both B and C

Answer 46

46. A mucosa consists of ## Footnote A) an epithelium. B) an underlying layer of areolar tissue. C) stratified squamous cells. **D) both A and B ** E) both B and C

Question 47

47. Tuberculosis results from an infection by the bacterium ## Footnote A) Clostridium dificile. B) Staphylococcus aureus. C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. D) Vancomycin-resistant epidermis. E) both A and C

Answer 47

47. Tuberculosis results from an infection by the bacterium ## Footnote A) Clostridium dificile. B) Staphylococcus aureus. **C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ** D) Vancomycin-resistant epidermis. E) both A and C

Question 48

48. _____________________ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting individuals of Northern European descent. ## Footnote A) MRSA B) Congestive heart failure C) Cystic fibrosis D) Myasthenia gravis E) Parkinson’s disease

Answer 48

48. _____________________ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting individuals of Northern European descent. ## Footnote A) MRSA B) Congestive heart failure **C) Cystic fibrosis ** D) Myasthenia gravis E) Parkinson’s disease

Question 49

49. The respiratory defense system is important because it ## Footnote A) helps filter the air. B) helps warm the air. C) keeps out debris. D) keeps out pathogens. E) all of the above

Answer 49

49. The respiratory defense system is important because it ## Footnote A) helps filter the air. B) helps warm the air. C) keeps out debris. D) keeps out pathogens. **E) all of the above **

Question 50

50. ______________________ generally causes a rapid increase in the rate of mucus production in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. ## Footnote A) Exposure to noxious stimuli B) Exposure to unpleasant stimuli C) Exposure to allergens D) Exposure to debris or pathogens E) all of the above

Answer 50

50. ______________________ generally causes a rapid increase in the rate of mucus production in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. ## Footnote A) Exposure to noxious stimuli B) Exposure to unpleasant stimuli C) Exposure to allergens D) Exposure to debris or pathogens **E) all of the above**

Question 51

51. The ___________________ is shared by the respiratory and digestive systems. ## Footnote A) pharynx B) esophagus C) trachea D) windpipe E) right mainstem bronchus

Answer 51

51. The ___________________ is shared by the respiratory and digestive systems. ## Footnote **A) pharynx ** B) esophagus C) trachea D) windpipe E) right mainstem bronchus

Question 52

52. The larynx contains hyaline cartilages including ## Footnote A) arytenoid cartilages. B) corniculate cartilage. C) cricoid cartilage. D) both A and B E) both A and C

Answer 52

52. The larynx contains hyaline cartilages including ## Footnote A) arytenoid cartilages. B) corniculate cartilage. C) cricoid cartilage. **D) both A and B ** E) both A and C

Question 53

53. The ___________________ extend between the thyroid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilages. ## Footnote A) vestibular ligaments B) cuneiform cartilage C) vocal ligaments D) both A and C E) both A and B

Answer 53

53. The ___________________ extend between the thyroid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilages. ## Footnote A) vestibular ligaments B) cuneiform cartilage C) vocal ligaments **D) both A and C ** E) both A and B

Question 54

54. The trachea contains __________ tracheal cartilages. ## Footnote A) 5–10 B) 10–15 C) 15–20 D) 20–25 E) none of the above

Answer 54

54. The trachea contains __________ tracheal cartilages. ## Footnote A) 5–10 B) 10–15 **C) 15–20 ** D) 20–25 E) none of the above

Question 55

55. An acute infection of the throat that can lead to swelling and closure of the glottis and cause suffocation. This is known as ## Footnote A) laryngitis. B) tracheolaryngospasm. C) epiglottitis. D) strep throat. E) none of the above

Answer 55

55. An acute infection of the throat that can lead to swelling and closure of the glottis and cause suffocation. This is known as ## Footnote A) laryngitis. B) tracheolaryngospasm. **C) epiglottitis. ** D) strep throat. E) none of the above

Question 56

56. During a choking episode, most foreign objects are lodged in the _____ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle. ## Footnote A) right primary B) left primary C) right secondary D) left secondary E) both A and B

Answer 56

56. During a choking episode, most foreign objects are lodged in the _____ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle. ## Footnote **A) right primary ** B) left primary C) right secondary D) left secondary E) both A and B

Question 57

57. The right lung is to _____ as the left lung is to \_\_\_\_\_. ## Footnote A) three lobes; two lobes B) two lobes; two lobes C) two lobes; two lobes D) three lobes; three lobes E) none of the above

Answer 57

57. The right lung is to _____ as the left lung is to \_\_\_\_\_. ## Footnote **A) three lobes; two lobes ** B) two lobes; two lobes C) two lobes; two lobes D) three lobes; three lobes E) none of the above

Question 58

58. When charting an assessment about an abnormality heard when listening to the left lung with your stethoscope, all of the following would be correct, except ## Footnote A) respiratory wheezes heard in the superior lobe. B) crackles noted in base of the inferior lobe. C) rhonchi noted throughout all lung fields. D) friction rub noted in the middle lobe. E) lung sounds diminished throughout.

Answer 58

58. When charting an assessment about an abnormality heard when listening to the left lung with your stethoscope, all of the following would be correct, except ## Footnote A) respiratory wheezes heard in the superior lobe. B) crackles noted in base of the inferior lobe. C) rhonchi noted throughout all lung fields. **D) friction rub noted in the middle lobe. ** E) lung sounds diminished throughout.

Question 59

59. The resulting pain when pleural fluid is unable to prevent friction between the opposing pleural surfaces is known as ## Footnote A) pleurisy. B) pulmonary hypertension. C) asthma. D) emphysema. E) COPD.

Answer 59

59. The resulting pain when pleural fluid is unable to prevent friction between the opposing pleural surfaces is known as ## Footnote **A) pleurisy. ** B) pulmonary hypertension. C) asthma. D) emphysema. E) COPD.

Question 60

60. At the start of the respiratory cycle, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that ## Footnote A) they are equal. B) intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric. C) atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary. D) atmospheric pressure is more than intrapulmonary. E) intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric.

Answer 60

60. At the start of the respiratory cycle, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that ## Footnote **A) they are equal. ** B) intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric. C) atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary. D) atmospheric pressure is more than intrapulmonary. E) intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric.

Question 61

61. The term ________________ describes the result from an injury to the chest wall that causes air to leak into the pleural cavity. ## Footnote A) pleurisy B) pneumonia C) pneumothorax D) pulmonary edema E) emphysema

Answer 61

61. The term ________________ describes the result from an injury to the chest wall that causes air to leak into the pleural cavity. ## Footnote A) pleurisy B) pneumonia **C) pneumothorax ** D) pulmonary edema E) emphysema

Question 62

62. Quiet breathing is to _________________ as shallow breathing is to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. ## Footnote A) eupnea; diaphragmatic breathing. B) eupnea; costal breathing. C) costal breathing; eupnea. D) costal breathing; diaphragmatic. E) diaphragmatic breathing; eupnea.

Answer 62

62. Quiet breathing is to _________________ as shallow breathing is to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. ## Footnote A) eupnea; diaphragmatic breathing. **B) eupnea; costal breathing. ** C) costal breathing; eupnea. D) costal breathing; diaphragmatic. E) diaphragmatic breathing; eupnea.

Question 63

63. Decreased oxygen is to ______________________ as 0 oxygen is to ## Footnote A) anoxia; hypoxia. B) hypercapnia; hyperventilation. C) hypoventilation; hypoxia. D) hypoxia; anoxia. E) none of the above

Answer 63

63. Decreased oxygen is to ______________________ as 0 oxygen is to ## Footnote A) anoxia; hypoxia. B) hypercapnia; hyperventilation. C) hypoventilation; hypoxia. **D) hypoxia; anoxia. ** E) none of the above

Question 64

64. Determination of blood gases includes testing for ## Footnote A) pH. B) PO2. C) PCO2. D) all of the above E) both A and C

Answer 64

64. Determination of blood gases includes testing for ## Footnote A) pH. B) PO2. C) PCO2. **D) all of the above ** E) both A and C

Question 65

65. _____________________ is the amount of air you move into or out of your lungs during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions. ## Footnote A) Residual volume B) Expiratory reserve volume C) Inspiratory reserve volume D) Resting tidal volume E) Inspiratory capacity

Answer 65

65. _____________________ is the amount of air you move into or out of your lungs during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions. ## Footnote A) Residual volume B) Expiratory reserve volume C) Inspiratory reserve volume **D) Resting tidal volume ** E) Inspiratory capacity

Question 66

66. _________________ is the amount of air that you can take in over and above the tidal volume. ## Footnote A) Residual volume B) Expiratory reserve volume C) Inspiratory reserve volume D) Resting tidal volume E) Inspiratory capacity

Answer 66

66. _________________ is the amount of air that you can take in over and above the tidal volume. ## Footnote A) Residual volume B) Expiratory reserve volume **C) Inspiratory reserve volume ** D) Resting tidal volume E) Inspiratory capacity

Question 67

67. The condition resulting from the inadequate production of surfactant and associated alveolar collapse is ## Footnote A) respiratory distress syndrome. B) COPD. C) anoxia. D) pulmonary embolism. E) pneumothorax.

Answer 67

67. The condition resulting from the inadequate production of surfactant and associated alveolar collapse is ## Footnote **A) respiratory distress syndrome. ** B) COPD. C) anoxia. D) pulmonary embolism. E) pneumothorax.

Question 68

68. An enlargement of the respiratory passageways is termed ## Footnote A) respiratory distress syndrome. B) COPD. C) anoxia. D) pulmonary embolism. E) bronchodilation.

Answer 68

68. An enlargement of the respiratory passageways is termed ## Footnote A) respiratory distress syndrome. B) COPD. C) anoxia. D) pulmonary embolism. **E) bronchodilation. **

Question 69

69. In tissues at a normal partial pressure of oxygen, blood entering the venous system contains about ___________________ of its total oxygen content. ## Footnote A) 25 percent B) 50 percent C) 75 percent D) 90 percent E) 100 percent

Answer 69

69. In tissues at a normal partial pressure of oxygen, blood entering the venous system contains about ___________________ of its total oxygen content. ## Footnote A) 25 percent B) 50 percent **C) 75 percent ** D) 90 percent E) 100 percent

Question 70

70. The apneustic centres of the pons ## Footnote A) inhibit the pneumotaxic and inspiratory centers. B) provide continuous stimulation to the inspiratory center. C) monitor blood gas levels. D) alter chemoreceptor sensitivity. E) none of the above

Answer 70

70. The apneustic centres of the pons ## Footnote **A) inhibit the pneumotaxic and inspiratory centers. ** B) provide continuous stimulation to the inspiratory center. C) monitor blood gas levels. D) alter chemoreceptor sensitivity. E) none of the above

Question 71

71. Sympathetic stimulation to the smooth muscle tissue layer in the bronchioles causes ## Footnote A) bronchoconstriction. B) bronchodilation. C) a relaxation of muscle tone. D) an increase in tidal volume. E) none of the above

Answer 71

71. Sympathetic stimulation to the smooth muscle tissue layer in the bronchioles causes ## Footnote A) bronchoconstriction. **B) bronchodilation. ** C) a relaxation of muscle tone. D) an increase in tidal volume. E) none of the above

Question 72

72. Each of the following factors affects the rate of external respiration, except the ## Footnote A) PO2 of the alveoli. B) PCO2 of the blood. C) thickness of the respiratory membrane. D) volume of the alveolus. E) solubility of oxygen in plasma.

Answer 72

72. Each of the following factors affects the rate of external respiration, except the ## Footnote A) PO2 of the alveoli. B) PCO2 of the blood. C) thickness of the respiratory membrane. **D) volume of the alveolus. ** E) solubility of oxygen in plasma.

Question 73

73. External respiration involves the ## Footnote A) movement of air into and out of the lungs. B) diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood. C) exchange of dissolved gases between the blood and the interstitial fluid. D) binding of oxygen by hemoglobin. E) utilization of oxygen by tissues to support metabolism.

Answer 73

73. External respiration involves the ## Footnote A) movement of air into and out of the lungs. **B) diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood. ** C) exchange of dissolved gases between the blood and the interstitial fluid. D) binding of oxygen by hemoglobin. E) utilization of oxygen by tissues to support metabolism.

Question 74

74. Breathing that involves active inspiratory and expiratory movements is called ## Footnote A) eupnea. B) hyperpnea. C) diaphragmatic breathing. D) costal breathing. E) shallow breathing.

Answer 74

74. Breathing that involves active inspiratory and expiratory movements is called ## Footnote A) eupnea. **B) hyperpnea. ** C) diaphragmatic breathing. D) costal breathing. E) shallow breathing.

Question 75

75. The respiratory rate times the tidal volume, corrected for dead air, is the ## Footnote A) vital capacity. B) respiratory minute volume. C) pulmonary ventilation rate. D) alveolar ventilation rate. E) external respiration rate.

Answer 75

75. The respiratory rate times the tidal volume, corrected for dead air, is the ## Footnote A) vital capacity. B) respiratory minute volume. C) pulmonary ventilation rate. **D) alveolar ventilation rate. ** E) external respiration rate.

Question 76

76. Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues? ## Footnote A) decreased temperature B) decreased pH C) increased tissue PO2 D) decreased amounts of DPG E) all of the above

Answer 76

76. Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues? ## Footnote A) decreased temperature **B) decreased pH ** C) increased tissue PO2 D) decreased amounts of DPG E) all of the above

Question 77

77. Physical damage to the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa is likely to result in ## Footnote A) an inability to smell. B) nasal congestion. C) nosebleeds. D) a deviated septum. E) sneezing.

Answer 77

77. Physical damage to the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa is likely to result in ## Footnote A) an inability to smell. B) nasal congestion. **C) nosebleeds. ** D) a deviated septum. E) sneezing.

Question 78

78. Damage to the septal cells of the lungs would result in ## Footnote A) a thickening of the respiratory membrane. B) an increased rate of gas exchange. C) alveolar rupture. D) alveolar collapse. E) decreased surface tension in the water lining the alveoli.

Answer 78

78. Damage to the septal cells of the lungs would result in ## Footnote A) a thickening of the respiratory membrane. B) an increased rate of gas exchange. C) alveolar rupture. **D) alveolar collapse. ** E) decreased surface tension in the water lining the alveoli.

Question 79

79. Lungs and airways that are inflated at birth normally do not collapse again because of all of the following, except that ## Footnote A) the supportive fibrous tissue of the lungs works to prevent collapse. B) surfactant prevents the alveoli from collapsing. C) negative intrathoracic pressure prevents total elastic recoil of the lungs. D) the lungs are complaint and a small amount of pressure will keep them inflated. E) cartilages and connective tissues hold the airways open.

Answer 79

79. Lungs and airways that are inflated at birth normally do not collapse again because of all of the following, except that ## Footnote A) the supportive fibrous tissue of the lungs works to prevent collapse. B) surfactant prevents the alveoli from collapsing. C) negative intrathoracic pressure prevents total elastic recoil of the lungs. D) the lungs are complaint and a small amount of pressure will keep them inflated. **E) cartilages and connective tissues hold the airways open. **

Question 80

80. During an attack of asthma, an individual’s ## Footnote A) bronchioles dilate. B) expiratory reserve volume decreases. C) respiratory tract produces less mucus. D) diaphragm contracts in spasms. E) lungs collapse.

Answer 80

80. During an attack of asthma, an individual’s ## Footnote A) bronchioles dilate. **B) expiratory reserve volume decreases. ** C) respiratory tract produces less mucus. D) diaphragm contracts in spasms. E) lungs collapse.

Question 81

81. Carbon dioxide is more soluble in water than oxygen is. To get the same amount of oxygen to dissolve in plasma as carbon dioxide, you would have to ## Footnote A) increase the temperature of the plasma. B) increase the partial pressure of oxygen. C) decrease the partial pressure of oxygen. D) increase the rate of plasma flow through the lungs. E) decrease the alveolar ventilation rate

Answer 81

81. Carbon dioxide is more soluble in water than oxygen is. To get the same amount of oxygen to dissolve in plasma as carbon dioxide, you would have to ## Footnote A) increase the temperature of the plasma. **B) increase the partial pressure of oxygen. ** C) decrease the partial pressure of oxygen. D) increase the rate of plasma flow through the lungs. E) decrease the alveolar ventilation rate

Question 82

82. A molecule that blocks the activity of carbonic anhydrase would ## Footnote A) interfere with oxygen binding to hemoglobin. B) cause a decrease in blood pH. C) increase the amount of bicarbonate formed in the blood. D) decrease the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the plasma. E) none of the above

Answer 82

82. A molecule that blocks the activity of carbonic anhydrase would ## Footnote A) interfere with oxygen binding to hemoglobin. **B) cause a decrease in blood pH. ** C) increase the amount of bicarbonate formed in the blood. D) decrease the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the plasma. E) none of the above

Question 83

83. Damage to the phrenic nerves would ## Footnote A) increase respiratory rate. B) increase the volume of a normal inspiration. C) result in decreased alveolar ventilation. D) result in greater pressure differences between the lungs and the outside air during inspiration. E) have no effect on pulmonary ventilation.

Answer 83

83. Damage to the phrenic nerves would ## Footnote A) increase respiratory rate. B) increase the volume of a normal inspiration. **C) result in decreased alveolar ventilation. ** D) result in greater pressure differences between the lungs and the outside air during inspiration. E) have no effect on pulmonary ventilation.

Question 84

84. Abi decides to make an attempt to get into the record books by sitting under water for the longest time. She fixes a mouthpiece to a long plastic tube, weights herself down, and sits at the bottom of an 2.5 metre deep pool with the top of the plastic pipe 10 centimetres above the water. After a few minutes, she finds that ## Footnote A) her alveolar ventilation rate has increased. B) she is breathing faster and deeper. C) her vital capacity is increased. D) her tidal volume has decreased. E) her residual volume has increased.

Answer 84

84. Abi decides to make an attempt to get into the record books by sitting under water for the longest time. She fixes a mouthpiece to a long plastic tube, weights herself down, and sits at the bottom of an 2.5 metre deep pool with the top of the plastic pipe 10 centimetres above the water. After a few minutes, she finds that ## Footnote A) her alveolar ventilation rate has increased. **B) she is breathing faster and deeper. ** C) her vital capacity is increased. D) her tidal volume has decreased. E) her residual volume has increased.

Question 85

85. The ___________________ are the serous membranes that cover the lungs.

Answer 85

85. The ___________________ are the serous membranes that cover the lungs. pleurae

Question 86

86. The ________ lung is usually the smaller of the two lungs and has just two lobes.

Answer 86

86. The ________ lung is usually the smaller of the two lungs and has just two lobes. left

Question 87

87. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, or breathing, is the exchange of air between the atmosphere and the lungs.

Answer 87

87. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, or breathing, is the exchange of air between the atmosphere and the lungs. Pulmonary ventilation

Question 88

88. A patient with an elevated PCO2 is described as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 88

88. A patient with an elevated PCO2 is described as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. hypercapnic

Question 89

89. Gas exchange between the air and the blood takes place in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 89

89. Gas exchange between the air and the blood takes place in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. alveoli

Question 90

90. Contraction of the _________________________ muscles will elevate the ribs and move the sternum.

Answer 90

90. Contraction of the _________________________ muscles will elevate the ribs and move the sternum. external intercostal