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Question 1

Homo naledi

Answer 1

• Human remains frm the Rising Star Cave: fill the gap
• 237-335kya
• Co-existing with other animals

Question 2

Homo elgaster

Answer 2

-

Question 3

“Lucy”

Answer 3

• 3’2” tall
• Female
• Small brain

Question 4

Takarana boy

Answer 4

• Originally thought he was 14 (by skeleton)
• Detmined he was about 8 (by dental determination)
• 900cc brain capacity (vs modern human 1400cc)
• Existence of Broca’s area in the brain
  > Ability for symbolic communication
  > Bigger brain requires more nutrients and energy (25% more)
  > Africa provides a variety of resources
  > BUT homo = easy prey for the predators > Run as daily activity
• VS more previous homo “Lucy” (bipedal but do not run much)

Question 5

Loss of body hair

Answer 5

• Analysis made on parasite
• DNA sequence: date of divergence
• Allow sweating > Cooling the body > Enable persistency hunting
• Hunting @mid of the day: animals rest at shadows
  > Run till exhaust: animals hit by heat stroke

Question 6

Use of fire

Answer 6

• Carnivores hunt at night
  > Need fire for protection
• Fire for cooking
• Share and communicate @fireplace > for social relationships

Question 7

Mother-child intimacy

Answer 7

• Maternal commitment
  > e.g. facial expressions > emotions, caring
• Abandon children more than Apes

Question 8

Human left their origin Africa

Migration

Answer 8

• From Africa to Europe and Asia: ~1mya
• New discovery: might have start a lot earlier than that
  > Georgia fossils: volcanic ash remains ~1.8mya

Question 9

-

Answer 9

• Relatively small brain (abt the size of brain as “Lucy”)
• BUT + stone tools (absence frm “Lucy”)
• Large animals might shrink / decedent of more previous ancestor