rheumatic causes osteoporosis
- RA
- ankylosing spondylitis
- polymyalgia rheumatica
diseases commonly associated with reactive arthritis
EBV salmonella shigella campylobacter chlamydia borrelia strep throat
describe reactive arthritis
sterile synovitis after distant infection
management psoriatic arthritis
- sulfasalazine
- methotrexate
- leflunomide
- cyclosporine
- anti-TNF therapy
- steroids
- physio and OT
sulfasalazine
- DMARD
- 5-ASA
persistant swelling of joint in JIA is more common in small or large joints
large
is antinucleur antibody seropositivity common in JIA
yes
endocrine cause osteoporosis
- hypo and hyoerthyroidism
- hypothalamic amenhorrea
- PCOS
- thyrotoxicosis
- cushings
- hyperprolactinaemia
- pregnancy
- hypopituitarism
- early menopause
management osteoporosis T-score -1 -> -2.5
life style, treat if previous fracture
causes of tarsal tunnel syndrome
- benign tumours/ cysts
- bone spurs
- tendon sheath inflammation
- nerve ganglions
damage to joints in JIA is associated with what response
Th1
investigations into ankylosing spondylitis
- HLA B27
- modified schober
- MRI (erosion and narrowing of joint spaces)
- x-ray and CT (bamboo spine)
common presentation of acute primary osteomyelitis in adults
- backache
- history of UTI/ urological procedure
- elderly
- diabetic
- Immunocompromised
define type II open #
moderate soft tissue injury
wound <10cm
no soft tissue flap or adhesion
enthesitis
inflammation of achilles tendon in analysing spondylitis
what happens to IV discs and facet joints of the spine in ankylosing spondylitis
chronic inflammation
- joints destroyed
- fibroblasts replace with fibrin
- fibrous band
- limits ROM
- ossification
- bony growths
examples of cytokines released in inflammatory response by neutrophils
- tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha)
- interleukin one (IL-1)
what type of cell is used to signal to other cells for immune reinforcement
cytokines
what is a major histocompatibility complex
most cells have a set of proteins that can bind together to form this; presents samples for immune system to test
management options for tendon avulsion
- tendon retraction
- tendon reattachment through bone
- fixation of any bone fragments
what is HLA B27
gene which encodes for a specific type of MHC class 1 molecule
what causes a back to crack
facet joints
- back stretched
- capsules stretches
- decreased in capsule pressure
- gas comes out of solution
- noise
