what nerve is compressed in tarsal tunnel syndrome
tibial nerve
presentation acute osteomyelitis in children
severe pain reluctant to move non weight baring swinging pyrexia tachycardia malaise toxaemia
antibiotics for acute osteomyelitis management
4-6 weeks
flucloxacillin + benzylpenicillin
non surgical management of acute osteomyelitis
- rehydration
- analgesia
- rest and splintage
- antibiotics
treatment of stable SUFEs
pinned in site
what is a SUFE (slipped upper femoral epiphysis)
referring to a fracture through the growth plate (physis), which results in slippage of the overlying end of the femur (metaphysis).
signs of transient synovitis
- allow joint to be examined
- low CRP
- normal WCC
- may joint infusion
- not that unwell
what is transient synovitis
inflammation in the hip joint that causes pain, limp and sometimes refusal to bear weight.
micromelia
all long bone present but small
consequences of thalidomide
absence or deformity of long bones
time to leave on cast for complete forearm fracture
6 weeks
operative management of dupytrens contracture
- partial fasciectomy
- dermo-fasciectomy
- arthrodesis
- amputation
management posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
- orthotics for medial arch support
- tendon reconstruction
- triple fusion (subtler, talanavicular and calcaneocuboid)
management ankle arthritis
- bisphosphonates
- arthrodesis
- joint replacement
- if symptoms exclusively anterior, then orthopaedic anterior debridement
non-operative treatment trigger finger
splint age
steroid injections
describe posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
acquired adult flat foot planovalgus
what is developmental dysplasia of the hip
condition where ball and socket of hip doesn’t form properly in babies or children
presentation L4/5 lumbar disc prolapse
L5 sensory loss (big toe and first web space)
motor weakness of extensor hallicus longus
causes of nerve root pain
- tearing of annulus fibrosis
- protrusion of nucleus
- nerve root compression by osteophytes
describe type III a open fractures
high energy, extensive soft tissue damage,
severe fracture (comminution, displacement), wound >10cm;
any gunshot, farm accident, segmental fracture, bone loss, severe crush injury, marine
- soft tissue damage extensive
- not grossly contaminated
investigations cauda equina
urgent MRI or CT lumbar myelogram
presentation of cervical and lumbar spondylosis
- myelopathy
- UMN signs in limbs
- bilateral
- possible weakness
- spinal claudication
