osteoporosis management t-score <2.5
lifestyle advice
offer treatment
common causes acute septic arthritis
- haematogenous
- eruption of bone abscess
- direct invasion
- penetrating wound
- arthroscopy
TB bone and join differential diagnosis
tumour transient synovitis monoarticular RA haemorrhage arthritis pyogenic arthritis
medications that can cause osteoporosis
- steroids
- PPI
- warfarin
- enzyme inducting anti-epileptic medication
- aromatase inhibitors
- GnRH inhibitors
primary management of osteoporosis
weight bearing exercise
observe
vit D and calcium
minimise risk factors
osteoid osteoma
benign bone forming tumour
malignant fibrous histiocytoma
malignant fibrous tissue tumour
most common epidemiology of hip labral tear
active females
non-operative management of hallux rigidus
- activity modification
- shoe wear
- analgesia
causes of neurotmesis
laceration or avulsion
causes of ligament rupture
forces exceed strength of ligamenet
unexpected/ expected
rate load
complete/ incomplete
define type 1 open #
<1cm
not contaminated
low energy
bone piercing skin from the inside
causes of radial nerve palsy
handcuffs
compression of forearm
presentation of reactive arthritis
- normally single joint
- recent infection
- disease may be sustemic
- skin or mucous membrane involvement
Paget disease investigations
x-ray
triple phase isotope scan
blood serum alkaline phosphatase
what is rickets
condition that affects bone development in children. It causes bone pain, poor growth and soft, weak bones that can lead to bone deformities.
prognosis of osteogenesis imperfecta type II
neonatal death/ first year of life
when do you leave DDH alone if bilateral
> 6y/o
DDH treatment 18 months -> 6 years
open reduction with femoral shortening +/- per-acetabular osteotomy
describe screening protocol for DDH
selective US screening reduces but does not eradicate late presenters
Barlows sign
hip adducted, slight posterior force applied, then posterior-lateral hip slides out
what causes Volkmanns contracture
acute ischaemia and necrosis of muscle fibres of flexor group of muscles of the forearm
