presentation hallux valgus
- pressure symptoms from shoe wear
- pain from toes crossing over
- metatarsalagia (pain and inflammation @ ball of foot)
management early presentation frozen shoulder
- hydrodilation (try and expand capsule with fluid)
do arthrogram first to make sure needle in shoulder - inject saline then steroid
surgical management options for shoulder arthritis
- total shoulder replacement
- reverse shoulder replacement
- complex reconstruction with custom made implants
management chronic, degenerative rotator tears
- physio
- steroid injection
- if still symptomatic then surgery
2 types of femeroacetabular impingement
cam and pincer lesions
metabolic causes carpal tunnel syndrome
- pregnancy
- mucopolyscaccharisoses
- hypothyroidism
symptoms hip labral tear
- groin/ hip pain
- snapping sensation - not painful but weird
- jamming or locking -> very painful
types of malignant bone tumour
- osteosarcoma
- chondrosarcoma
- ewings sarcoma
- lymphoma
- myeloma
- metastatic
appearance benign bone tumour on x-ray
clear margins surrounding rim of reactile bone
describe giant cell tumours
- benign
- locally destructive
- rarely metastasise
management pseudogout
NSAIDs
interarticular steroids
general investigations acute limp
x-ray ankle knee and hip temperature WCC CRP ESR cultures
what is metatarsus adductus
front half of foot is turned inwards
aetiological agent of gout
monosodium urate
examples of biologics used in RA
TNFalpha inhibitors
IL-1 inhibitors
anti-B cell therapies (rituximab)
anti T cell therapies
most common cause of gout
reduced efficiency of renal urate clearance
hyperuricaemia management
- allopurinol
- prophylactic NSAIDs
- Low does steroids
- address lifestyle factors
function allopurinol
inhibits production of uric acid, reducing urate levels in the body
function of Pulleys
keep tendons close to bone
which nerve is in carpal tunnel
median
how to test for achilles tendon rupture
- angle of dangle
- simmonds
- palpable tendon gap
symptoms of achilles tendonitis
- pain during exercise
- pain following exercise
- recurrent episodes
- difficulty inserting foot into shoes
