ADHD

Question 1

What is first-line treatment for ADHD in children aged 5 years and over?

Answer 1

Methylphenidate

Question 2

After a 6-week trial of methylphenidate with no benefit in a child

Answer 2

what is the next step?

Question 3

When is lisdexamfetamine used as second-line in children?

Answer 3

If methylphenidate shows response but is not tolerated

Question 4

What is third-line treatment for ADHD in children?

Answer 4

Dexamfetamine

Question 5

What should be prescribed if a child is unresponsive or intolerant to both methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine?

Answer 5

Atomoxetine or guanfacine

Question 6

What is a common side effect of guanfacine?

Answer 6

Somnolence

Question 7

What is a key toxicity concern in guanfacine overdose?

Answer 7

Hypotension

Question 8

What is first-line treatment for ADHD in adults?

Answer 8

Methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine

Question 9

What is second-line treatment for ADHD in adults?

Answer 9

Dexamfetamine

Question 10

What is third-line treatment for ADHD in adults?

Answer 10

Atomoxetine

Question 11

What serious side effects are associated with atomoxetine?

Answer 11

Hepatic impairment and suicidal thoughts

Question 12

Which preparation of ADHD medicines is preferred?

Answer 12

Modified-release preparations

Question 13

How should ADHD medicines be prescribed?

Answer 13

By brand name

Question 14

Why are modified-release ADHD medicines preferred?

Answer 14

Improved convenience and adherence

Question 15

How do modified-release ADHD medicines affect stigma?

Answer 15

They reduce stigma

Question 16

How do modified-release ADHD medicines affect misuse risk?

Answer 16

They reduce risk of misuse

Question 17

Why do modified-release ADHD medicines reduce school administration issues?

Answer 17

Less need for storage and administration in schools

Question 18

What GI side effects are associated with methylphenidate?

Answer 18

Diarrhoea abdominal pain vomiting dry mouth anorexia

Question 19

What cardiovascular side effects are associated with methylphenidate?

Answer 19

Hypertension tachycardia arrhythmias

Question 20

What nervous system side effects are associated with methylphenidate?

Answer 20

Insomnia nervousness depression irritability aggression headache dizziness drowsiness movement disorders

Question 21

What advice is important regarding stopping methylphenidate?

Answer 21

Avoid abrupt withdrawal

Question 22

How often should monitoring occur for patients on methylphenidate?

Answer 22

Every 6 months

Question 23

What physical parameters should be monitored every 6 months in ADHD patients?

Answer 23

Height weight heart rate blood pressure

Question 24

What clinical features should be assessed during ADHD monitoring?

Answer 24

Tics sexual dysfunction seizures sleep and worsened behaviour

Question 25

Do lisdexamfetamine and dexamfetamine have similar side effects to methylphenidate?

Answer 25

Yes same side effects and monitoring

Question 26

In which condition should lisdexamfetamine and dexamfetamine be used with caution?

Answer 26

Cardiovascular disease

Question 27

What are early symptoms of stimulant overdose?

Answer 27

Wakefulness excessive activity paranoia hallucinations hypertension

Question 28

What severe symptoms can follow stimulant overdose?

Answer 28

Exhaustion convulsions hyperthermia coma