Stroke Q

Question 1

What type of stroke is caused by a blockage?
A. Haemorrhagic stroke
B. Ischaemic stroke
C. Subarachnoid haemorrhage
D. TIA

Answer 1

Ischaemic stroke is caused by a blockage in a blood vessel supplying the brain.

Question 2

Which type of stroke is the most common?
A. Haemorrhagic stroke
B. Ischaemic stroke
C. TIA
D. Subdural haematoma

Answer 2

Ischaemic stroke is the most common type of stroke.

Question 3

Which factors commonly cause an ischaemic stroke?
A. Aneurysms and trauma
B. Blood clots and fatty plaques
C. Brain tumours
D. Bleeding disorders

Answer 3

Ischaemic stroke is commonly caused by blood clots and fatty plaques.

Question 4

Which of the following are risk factors for ischaemic stroke?
A. Diabetes, smoking, alcohol, dyslipidaemia and high blood pressure
B. Brain tumours and trauma
C. Bleeding disorders only
D. Anticoagulant use only

Answer 4

Risk factors for ischaemic stroke include diabetes, smoking, alcohol, dyslipidaemia and high blood pressure.

Question 5

What type of stroke is caused by rupture of a blood vessel?
A. Ischaemic stroke
B. Haemorrhagic stroke
C. TIA
D. Embolic stroke

Answer 5

Haemorrhagic stroke is caused by rupture of a blood vessel.

Question 6

Which type of stroke is less common?
A. Ischaemic stroke
B. Haemorrhagic stroke
C. TIA
D. Lacunar stroke

Answer 6

Haemorrhagic stroke is less common than ischaemic stroke.

Question 7

Which factors can cause a haemorrhagic stroke?
A. Fatty plaques and diabetes
B. Aneurysms, high blood pressure, blood thinners and head trauma
C. Smoking only
D. Dyslipidaemia only

Answer 7

Haemorrhagic stroke can be caused by high blood pressure, aneurysms, blood thinners, head trauma, brain tumours and bleeding disorders.

Question 8

What does FAST assessment stand for in suspected ischaemic stroke?
A. Face, Airway, Speech, Time
B. Face, Arm, Speech, Time
C. Fever, Arm, Speech, Trauma
D. Face, Alertness, Speech, Temperature

Answer 8

FAST stands for Face, Arm, Speech and Time.

Question 9

In FAST assessment, what does Face assess?
A. Facial pain
B. Ability to smile
C. Eye movement
D. Swallowing

Answer 9

Face assessment checks whether the patient can smile.

Question 10

In FAST assessment, what does Arm assess?
A. Arm pain
B. Arm numbness
C. Ability to raise both arms
D. Grip strength only

Answer 10

Arm assessment checks whether the patient can raise both arms.

Question 11

In FAST assessment, what does Speech assess?
A. Volume of speech
B. Accent
C. Ability to speak clearly
D. Language understanding only

Answer 11

Speech assessment checks whether the patient can speak clearly.

Question 12

What action should be taken immediately if FAST is positive?
A. Arrange GP appointment
B. Give aspirin
C. Call 999
D. Monitor at home

Answer 12

If FAST is positive, emergency services should be called immediately.

Question 13

What is the first-line acute treatment for ischaemic stroke?
A. Aspirin
B. Clopidogrel
C. Alteplase
D. Warfarin

Answer 13

Alteplase is first-line acute treatment for ischaemic stroke.

Question 14

Within what time window should alteplase be given?
A. Within 1 hour
B. Within 3 hours
C. Within 4.5 hours
D. Within 24 hours

Answer 14

Alteplase should be given within 4.5 hours of symptom onset.

Question 15

In which type of stroke is alteplase contraindicated?
A. Ischaemic stroke
B. TIA
C. Haemorrhagic stroke
D. Lacunar stroke

Answer 15

Alteplase must not be given in haemorrhagic stroke.

Question 16

What dose of aspirin is used initially in ischaemic stroke?
A. 75 mg
B. 150 mg
C. 300 mg
D. 600 mg

Answer 16

Aspirin 300 mg is used initially in ischaemic stroke.

Question 17

How long should aspirin 300 mg be continued after ischaemic stroke?
A. 7 days
B. 14 days
C. 1 month
D. Lifelong

Answer 17

Aspirin 300 mg should be continued until 2 weeks after symptom onset.

Question 18

What is first-line long-term antiplatelet therapy after ischaemic stroke?
A. Aspirin 75 mg
B. Clopidogrel 75 mg
C. Aspirin and dipyridamole
D. Ticagrelor

Answer 18

Clopidogrel 75 mg once daily is first-line long-term therapy.

Question 19

What is second-line long-term antiplatelet therapy after ischaemic stroke?
A. Ticagrelor
B. Aspirin 300 mg
C. Aspirin 75 mg
D. Warfarin

Answer 19

Aspirin 75 mg once daily is second-line long-term therapy.

Question 20

Which additional medicines should be used long-term after ischaemic stroke?
A. PPI and high-intensity statin
B. NSAID and statin
C. Beta-blocker only
D. Anticoagulant only

Answer 20

A proton pump inhibitor and a high-intensity statin should be used.

Question 21

How should blood pressure be managed after ischaemic stroke?
A. No treatment
B. Treat hypertension including beta-blockers
C. Treat hypertension except beta-blockers
D. Only lifestyle changes

Answer 21

Hypertension should be treated but beta-blockers should be avoided.

Question 22

What is the main surgical management of haemorrhagic stroke?
A. Thrombolysis
B. Antiplatelet therapy
C. Surgery to remove haematoma and reduce intracranial pressure
D. Statin therapy

Answer 22

Surgery may be required to remove the haematoma and relieve intracranial pressure.

Question 23

What should be done with anticoagulants in haemorrhagic stroke?
A. Continue unchanged
B. Increase dose
C. Stop and reverse anticoagulants
D. Switch to antiplatelets

Answer 23

Anticoagulants such as warfarin and heparin should be stopped and reversed.

Question 24

In acute intracerebral haemorrhage, what should be done to blood pressure?
A. Leave unchanged
B. Gradually reduce over weeks
C. Rapidly reduce within 6 hours
D. Increase blood pressure

Answer 24

Blood pressure should be rapidly reduced within 6 hours in appropriate patients.

Question 25

In which patients should rapid BP lowering NOT be done in intracerebral haemorrhage? A. Mild stroke B. Structural cause, Glasgow coma score less than 6, need for neurosurgery or very large haematoma C. Patients over 80 D. Patients with diabetes

Answer 25

Rapid BP lowering should not be done in patients with structural causes, low Glasgow coma score, need for neurosurgery or very large haematomas.

Question 26

What is a transient ischaemic attack (TIA)? A. Permanent brain damage B. Temporary loss of blood supply to part of the brain C. Brain bleed D. Seizure disorder

Answer 26

A TIA is a temporary loss of blood supply to part of the brain.

Question 27

How long do TIA symptoms typically last? A. Several days B. Several hours only C. A few minutes D. Weeks

Answer 27

TIA symptoms usually last a few minutes.

Question 28

Within what time must TIA symptoms fully resolve? A. 12 hours B. 24 hours C. 48 hours D. 72 hours

Answer 28

TIA symptoms must resolve within 24 hours.

Question 29

What is the initial treatment for TIA? A. Clopidogrel B. Aspirin 75 mg C. Aspirin 300 mg D. Warfarin

Answer 29

Aspirin 300 mg is used as initial treatment for TIA.

Question 30

If a patient is already on aspirin 75 mg and has a TIA, what should be done? A. Stop aspirin B. Increase to 300 mg C. Continue 75 mg and do not start 300 mg D. Switch to clopidogrel immediately

Answer 30

Aspirin 75 mg should be continued and aspirin 300 mg should not be started.

Question 31

What is long-term management after a TIA? A. Single antiplatelet only B. Dual antiplatelet therapy, PPI, high-intensity statin and blood pressure management C. Anticoagulation only D. Lifestyle advice only

Answer 31

Long-term management includes dual antiplatelet therapy, PPI, high-intensity statin and blood pressure management.

Question 32

In high-risk TIA, what dual therapy can be given before long-term management? A. Aspirin and clopidogrel B. Aspirin and warfarin C. Clopidogrel and warfarin D. Aspirin and dipyridamole

Answer 32

Aspirin and clopidogrel dual therapy can be used.

Question 33

For how long can aspirin and clopidogrel dual therapy be used in high-risk TIA? A. 14 days B. 30 days C. 90 days D. 6 months

Answer 33

Aspirin and clopidogrel dual therapy can be used for up to 90 days.

Question 34

What alternative dual therapy can be used in high-risk TIA? A. Aspirin and dipyridamole B. Aspirin and ticagrelor C. Clopidogrel and warfarin D. Aspirin and prasugrel

Answer 34

Aspirin and ticagrelor can be used as dual therapy.

Question 35

For how long can aspirin and ticagrelor be used in TIA? A. 7 days B. 14 days C. 30 days D. 90 days

Answer 35

Aspirin and ticagrelor can be used for 30 days.

Question 36

Which lifestyle changes are recommended after stroke or TIA? A. Diet improvement, weight management, smoking cessation, physical activity and reduced alcohol intake B. Exercise only C. Smoking cessation only D. Medication only

Answer 36

Lifestyle changes include improving diet, managing weight, stopping smoking, increasing physical activity and reducing alcohol intake.