AP Gov: Chapter 7

Question 1

Pluralism

Answer 1

A multiple of views that ultimately results in a consensus on some issues

Question 2

Lobbying

Answer 2

Applying pressure to influence government

Question 3

Free-rider

Answer 3

Someone enjoying the benefits from an interest group without being a contributing member to the organization.

Question 4

Iron Triangles

Answer 4

Bonds among an agency, a congressional committee, & an interest group.

Question 5

Issue networks

Answer 5

A temporary alliance between interest groups and policy members to unite to influence a public policy on a specific issue.

Question 6

Direct lobbying

Answer 6

Direct interaction between interest group representatives and political officials to influence policy, regulation, etc.

Question 7

Lobbyists

Answer 7

A representative from an interest group hired to persuade legislators and government officials to vote/support a policy.

Lobbying: Applying pressure to influence the government.

Question 8

501 (c) (3)

Answer 8

A tax code for non-profit organizations, recognized by the IRS to be exempt from federal income tax because they are operate for charitable and public benefit purposes.

Question 9

501 (c) (4)

Answer 9

An organization not organized for profit and operating to promote social welfare, being tax-exempt as social welfare.

Question 10

Endorsment

Answer 10

A public expression of support

Question 11

Grassroots lobbying

Answer 11

A lobbying strategy that uses ordinary citizens to contact their representatives directly to try and influence policy.

Question 12

Grasstops

Answer 12

Activists or celebrities that have the power to influence decision-makers.

Question 13

Trade associations

Answer 13

Interest groups composed of companies, businesses, or professionals within a specific industry.

Question 14

16th Amendement

Answer 14

Empowers Congress to levy a federal income tax on individuals and corporations without apportioning it among states based on population.

Question 15

17th Amendment

Answer 15

Established the direct popular election of US senators by the people of each state, rather than selection by state legislatures.

Question 16

19th Amendment

Answer 16

Guarantees that the right of citizens to vote can not be denied or abridged by the US or a state on account of sex.

Question 17

Intergovernmental lobby

Answer 17

Organizations representing state & local officials who lobby at the federal level for more funding with less strings attached.

Question 18

Professional associations

Answer 18

Organized, non-profit interest groups, that represent individuals in specific professions.

Question 19

Think tanks

Answer 19

Independent, non-profit, or university-affiliated research institutions that analyze policy issues and recommend government officials and the public.

Question 20

Purposive incentives

Answer 20

Motivations for joining interest groups based on a personal belief in the group’s cause, ideology, or goals.

Question 21

Solidarity incentives

Answer 21

The social reward that motivates individuals to join and participate in interest groups or political organizations.

Question 22

Material incentives

Answer 22

Rewards that interested groups offer individuals to encourage them to join or participate.

Question 23

Single-issue groups

Answer 23

A specialized interest group that focuses their lobbying and political activities on one specific policy area.

Question 24

Ideological groups

Answer 24

Organizations that get members by appealing to shared political values and beliefs rather than economic incentives.

Question 25

Linkage institutions

Answer 25

Structures that connect citizens to the government, allowing them to communicate preferences and shape policy, crucial for political participation in a democracy.

Question 26

Upper-class bias

Answer 26

The tendency of the interest group system to favor higher socioeconomic classes and policies that benefit wealthy individuals and business interests.

Question 27

Revolving door

Answer 27

The movement of individuals between government roles and the industries they previously regulated or worked with. - Going into lobbying because it makes more money.