Associative learning MCQs

Question 1

What do associations encode in the world?

A) Predictive relationships
B) Causal relationships
C) Negative relationships
B) Positive relationships

Answer 1

B) Causal relationships

Question 2

In which of the below does associative learning have to evolve to achieve better learning if CS or R occur just before the US?
(select all that apply)

A) A stimulus CS to predict a stimulus US
B) A stimulus US to predict a stimulus CS
C) A response R to predict a stimulus US
D) A stimulus US predicts a response R

Answer 2

A) A stimulus CS to predict a stimulus US
C) A response R to predict a stimulus US

Question 3

What did Mahoney & Ayres (1976) test?

A) Used rats to test an 8-second tone with a 4 second shock
B) Used rats to pair a 4-second tone with a 4 second shock
C) Used pigeons to pair an 8-second tone with a 4-second shock
D) Used pigeons to pair a 4-second tone with a 4-second shock

Answer 3

B) Used rats to pair a 4-second tone with a 4 second shock

Question 4

Which of the below are considered types of forward conditioning used by Mahoney & Ayres (1976)?
(select all that apply)

A) Simultaneous conditioning
B) Trace conditioning
C) Delay conditioning
D) Backwards conditioning

Answer 4

B) Trace conditioning
C) Delay conditioning

Question 5

What conditioning type does this best describe?
“The tone begins and the food is parented whilst its still ringing”

A) Simultaneous conditioning
B) Trace conditioning
C) Delay conditioning
D) Backwards conditioning

Answer 5

C) Delay conditioning

Question 6

What is the best description of Trace conditioning?

A) The tone is continuously playing and the food is only presented at set interval times
B) The tone will play and stop, then there will be a time gap before the food is presented
C) There is no immediate pairing of the tone and food
D) The tone and food are presented simultaneously

Answer 6

B) The tone will play and stop, then there will be a time gap before the food is presented

Question 7

What is the CR is the Mahoney & Ayres (1976) study?

A) The tone
B) The licking
C) The suppression of licking
D) The shock response

Answer 7

C) The suppression of licking

Question 8

What did Mahoney & Ayres (1976) find?

A) Rats learned the most if the tone was before the shock
B) Rats learned the most if the tone was after the shock
C) Rats learned the most if the tone was simultaneous with the shock
D) None of the above, the rats did not learn to associate the tone with the shock due to the interaction of the food

Answer 8

A) Rats learned the most if the tone was before the shock

Question 9

Which of the below are aspects of coincidence?
(select all that apply)

A) When 2 or more things happen at the same time
B) When two things co-occur and produce an unpredictable outcome
C) Involves chance or luck
D) Two events are just paired together, they are not correlated

Answer 9

A) When 2 or more things happen at the same time
C) Involves chance or luck

Question 10

What is most true about causal relationships?

A) They must occur more together than separately
B) They must consistently be paired
C) The pairing must create a consistent results
D) The pairing must produce an unpredictable result

Answer 10

A) They must occur more together than separately

Question 11

Which of the below was NOT a group used by Rescorla (1968) when testing rats to see if correlation is important for associative learning?

A) Positive- 2 tone>shock pairings, then no more shocks
B) Zero- 2 tone> shock pairings then extra shocks
C) Neutral- Consistent tone>shock pairings
D) Negative- Shock never paired with tone

Answer 11

C) Neutral- Consistent tone>shock pairings

Question 12

Which of the below was NOT found by Rescorla (1968)?

A) Positive tone positively correlated with shock
B) Zero tone uncorrelated with shock
C) Negative tone negatively correlated with shock
D) None of the above, there was no consistent results found

Answer 12

D) None of the above, there was no consistent results found

Question 13

What is the best description of the conclusion found by Rescorla (1968)?

A) Zero tones were the best predictor of future results
B) The positive and zero gross received same amount of pairings but did not learn the same
C) The number of tone shock pairings were inconsequently for subsequent behaviour
D) Positive pairings were the best predictor of unusual behaviours

Answer 13

B) The positive and zero gross received same amount of pairings but did not learn the same

Question 14

What is considered to be how rats can discriminate between positive correlations and not?

A) Unpredictability
B) Changes in routine
C) Surprise
D) Behaviour changes

Answer 14

C) Surprise

Question 15

What did Kamin (1969) find?

A) Group 1 were exposed to the shock and produced no expected response as were surprised so learnt less
B) Groups 2 were exposed to the shock and produced no expected response as were surprised so learnt less
C) Group 1 were exposed to the shock and produced an expected response as were surprised so learnt more
D) Group 2 were exposed to the shock and produced an expected response as were surprised so learnt more

Answer 15

D) Group 2 were exposed to the shock and produced an expected response as were surprised so learnt more

Question 16

What did Rescorla + Wagner (1972) theory describe?

A) How much association strength decreases on each trial
B) How much association strength increases on each trial
C) How much association strength decreases after each trial
D) How much association strength increases after each trial

Answer 16

B) How much association strength increases on each trial

Question 17

Which of the below was NOT considered to be an aspect of how learning occurs in Rescorla + Wagner (1972)?

A) How surprising the CS is
B) How surprising the US is
C) Salience of the CS
D) Salience of US

Answer 17

A) How surprising the CS is

Question 18

When does learning stop?

A) When the CS is no longer surprising
B) When the US is no longer surprising
C) When the CR is no longer surprising
D) None of the above, learning never stops

Answer 18

B) When the US is no longer surprising

Question 19

What did Mackintosh use to test overshadowing from conditioning 2 CSs at once?

A) Unequal number of pairings of light and shock, and in overshadowing, there was no noise present
B) Unequal number of pairings of light and shock, but in overshadowing, there was a noise present
C) Equal number of pairings of light and shock, and in overshadowing, there was no noise present
D) Equal number of pairings of light and shock, but in overshadowing, there was a noise present

Answer 19

D) Equal number of pairings of light and shock, but in overshadowing, there was a noise present

Question 20

Which of the below was NOT found by Mackintosh (1976)?

A) Most learning in control group
B) Most learning with both a quiet and loud noise
C) Most learning with quiet noise alone
D) Less learning with a loud noise

Answer 20

B) Most learning with both a quiet and loud noise

Question 21

What is inhibition?

A) When negative associative strength subtracts from the other US predictors
B) When positive associative strength subtracts from the other US predictors
C) When negative associative strength is added from the other US predictors
D) When positive associative strength is added from the other US predictors

Answer 21

A) When negative associative strength subtracts from the other US predictors