Categorisation MCQs

Question 1

What is a basic level concept?

A) Based on perceptual similarity
B) Based on physical similarities
C) Based on subjective similarities
D) Based on objective similarities

Answer 1

A) Based on perceptual similarity

Question 2

What does this best describe?
“Groups of basic level concepts not based on perceptual similarity”

A) Abstract concepts
B) Multiple concepts
C) Inherent concepts
D) Superordinate concepts

Answer 2

D) Superordinate concepts

Question 3

What is the best description of Abstract concepts?

A) Refers to individual entity and property but not relation or state
B) Refers to property, relation and state but not individual entity
C) Refers to only relation but not state, property or individual entity
D) Refers to only state but not relation, property or individual entity

Answer 3

B) Refers to property, relation and state but not individual entity

Question 4

What did Bhatt et al (1988) find?

A) Pigeons could not learn to distinguish between four different category response keys
B) Pigeons could only learn to peck novel category response keys
C) Pigeons could only learn to peck original category response keys
D) Pigeons could learnt to peck all 4 different category response keys

Answer 4

D) Pigeons could learnt to peck all 4 different category response keys

Question 5

What did Bhatt et al (1988) find when comparing the results to the testing phase?

A) Performance was more accurate with the training stimuli (80%) than with the novel, test stimuli (60%)
B) Performance was more accurate with the training stimuli (90%) than with the novel, test stimuli (50%)
C) Performance was less accurate with the training stimuli (40%) than with the novel, test stimuli (60%)
D) Performance was less accurate with the training stimuli (30%) than with the novel, test stimuli (70%)

Answer 5

A) Performance was more accurate with the training stimuli (80%) than with the novel, test stimuli (60%)

Question 6

What is Exemplar theory?

A) Learn about and store every instance in groups. Classify novel items via similarity to learned instances
B) Learn about and store every instance in groups. Classify novel items via differences to learned instances
C) Learn about and store every instance independently. Classify novel items via similarity to learned instances
D) Learn about and store every instance independently. Classify novel items via differences to learned instances

Answer 6

C) Learn about and store every instance independently. Classify novel items via similarity to learned instances

Question 7

What does this best describe?
“Learn about and store abstract prototype corresponding to central tendency of training exemplars. Classify via similarity to prototype you have ever seen before”

A) Inherent thought theory
B) Prototype theory
C) Categorical theory
D) Grouping theory

Answer 7

B) Prototype theory

Question 8

What does this describe?
“Predicts classifying a novel item as always worse than one you have seen before”

A) Inherent thought theory
B) Prototype theory
C) Categorical theory
D) Exemplar theory

Answer 8

D) Exemplar theory

Question 9

What theory do humans follow?

A) Inherent thought theory
B) Prototype theory
C) Categorical theory
D) Exemplar theory

Answer 9

B) Prototype theory

Question 10

What did Aydin & Pearce (1994) test?

A) Tested the exemplar theory by seeing if pigeons could learn to peck different category response keys using novel and original items
B) Tested the exemplar effect in humans by seeing if they could be good at categorising different lists after learning certain words
C) Tested birds to see if they could be taught to distinguish patterns paired with food when the negative ones weren’t
D) None of the above

Answer 10

C) Tested birds to see if they could be taught to distinguish patterns paired with food when the negative ones weren’t

Question 11

What did Aydin & Pearce (1994) find?

A) Birds could not be taught to distinguish between the positive and negative patterns
B) The birds could learn to distinguish the positive patterns more and peck at these more
C) The birds could learn to distinguish the negative patterns more and peck at these more
D) No conclusive evidence as found as the birds couldn’t be trained to distinguish or peck depending on pattern

Answer 11

B) The birds could learn to distinguish the positive patterns more and peck at these more

Question 12

What did Aydin & Pearce (1994) find when testing pos/neg prototype effects in the birds?

A) The birds responded more to positive prototype of ABC than to any of the negative prototypes or patterns
B) The birds responded more to positive prototype of CBA than to any of the negative prototypes or patterns
C) The birds responded more to negative prototype of ABC than to any of the positive prototypes or patterns
D) The birds responded more to negative prototype of CBA than to any of the positive prototypes or patterns

Answer 12

A) The birds responded more to positive prototype of ABC than to any of the negative prototypes or patterns

Question 13

Who studied the exemplar effect in humans?

A) Shanks (1990)
B) Gluck and Bower (1988)
C) Pearce (1997)
D) Whittlesea (1987)

Answer 13

D) Whittlesea (1987)

Question 14

How did Whittlesea (1987) test the exemplar effect?

A) Tested two different lists that differed by just one letter
B) Tested two different lists that differed by two letters
C) Tested three different lists that each differed by one letter
D) Tested three different lists that each differed by two letters

Answer 14

D) Tested three different lists that each differed by two letters

Question 15

Which of the below was not believed by Whittlesea (1987)?
(select all that apply)

A) If they have learned prototype, they should be equally good at categorising the lists
B) If they have learned prototype, they shouldn’t be good at categorising the lists
C) If they learned exemplar, list 1 should be easiest compared to the 2nd, then the 2nd should be easier than the 3rd
D) If they learned exemplar, list 3 should be easiest compared to the 2nd, then the 2nd should be easier than the 1st

Answer 15

A) If they have learned prototype, they should be equally good at categorising the lists
C) If they learned exemplar, list 1 should be easiest compared to the 2nd, then the 2nd should be easier than the 3rd

Question 16

What was found?

A) Humans don’t show consistent results for exemplar theory
B) Humans show consistent results for exemplar theory
C) Humans don’t show consistent results for prototype theory
D) Humans show consistent results for prototype theory

Answer 16

B) Humans show consistent results for exemplar theory

Question 17

What does this describe?
“We learn about and store component features of each exemplar”

A) Symbolism theory
B) Characteristic theory
C) Feature theory
D) Attribute theory

Answer 17

C) Feature theory

Question 18

What does the non-associative account believe about blocking of categorisation in Shanks (1990)?

A) Given a headache, subjects will be less likely to predict flu as another disease
B) Given a headache, subjects will be more likely to predict flu than another disease
C) Given a headache, subjects will be more likely to choose a rare disease than common flu
D) Given a headache, subjects will be less likely to choose a rare disease than common flu

Answer 18

B) Given a headache, subjects will be more likely to predict flu than another disease

Question 19

What does the Associative theory believe about blocking of categorisation in Shanks (1990)?

A) Given a headache, subjects will be less likely to predict flu as another disease
B) Given a headache, subjects will be more likely to predict flu than another disease
C) Given a headache, subjects will be more likely to choose a rare disease than common flu
D) Given a headache, subjects will be less likely to choose a rare disease than common flu

Answer 19

C) Given a headache, subjects will be more likely to choose a rare disease than common flu