How can you best describe Cytoarchitectonics?
A) A physiological method based on segmenting the brain according to its appearance under a microscope
B) An anatomical method based on segmenting the brain according to its appearance under a microscope
C) A physiological method based on how the brain appears when you first look at it
D) An anatomical method based on how the brain appears when you first look at it
B) An anatomical method based on segmenting the brain according to its appearance under a microscope
How are Cytoarchitectonics characterised?
A) By the staining method
B) By their borders
C) By fine spatial resolution
D) By their cortical layers
C) By fine spatial resolution
What can the type of cells found often correlate with?
A) Size of cell
B) Location of cell
C) Name of cell
D) Function of cell
D) Function of cell
What layer does this describe?
“An output layer that contains cell that send signals from the brain to the periphery”
A) Layer II
B) Layer III
C) Layer IV
D) Layer V
D) Layer V
What layer does this describe?
“An input layer that contains cells receiving input from the periphery”
A) Layer II
B) Layer III
C) Layer IV
D) Layer V
C) Layer IV
What are 2 advantages of TMS?
(select 2 answers)
A) Millisecond temporal resolution
B) Second temporal resolution
C) Resolved within cortical maps
D) Not required within cortical maps
A) Millisecond temporal resolution
C) Resolved within cortical maps
What is a negative of TMS?
A) Has to be alien to multiple locations
B) Can only be applied to one location
C) Cannot choose the location its applied to
D) There are no negatives
B) Can only be applied to one location
What method of brain study does this describe?
“Non-invasive, painless stimulation”
A) MRI
B) fMRI
C) CT
D) TMS
D) TMS
In what ways are TMS useful for brain study?
(select all that apply)
A) Studying behaviour during virtual brain lesions
B) High temporal resolution
C) Chronometry in brain activity
D) Functional connectivity
A) Studying behaviour during virtual brain lesions
C) Chronometry in brain activity
D) Functional connectivity
What do TMS effects depend on?
A) Stimulation site
B) Signal strength
C) Number of locations used
D) Size of skull
A) Stimulation site
What does the TMS activate with motor cortex stimulation?
A) Frontal lobe activation
B) Cortical neurons post-synaptically
C) Corticospinal neurons trans-synaptically
D) Hypothalamus activation
C) Corticospinal neurons trans-synaptically
Which of the below are more advantages of TMS?
(select all that apply)
A) Short duration reduces risk of plasticity
B) Cortical areas accessible
C) Ability to study double dissociations
D) Spatial undersampling
A) Short duration reduces risk of plasticity
C) Ability to study double dissociations
Which of the below are more disadvantages of TMS?
(select all that apply)
A) Spatial undersampling
B) Only cortical areas accessible
C) Short duration increases risk of plasticity
D) Loud coil click creates need for sham condition
A) Spatial undersampling
B) Only cortical areas accessible
D) Loud coil click creates need for sham condition
Why do the dipoles in individual cells add up to stronger signals?
A) Cortical areas are aligned parallel to the cortical surface with axons closer to the surface and dendrites closer to the white matter.
B) Cortical areas are aligned perpendicular to the cortical surface with dendrites closer to the surface and axons closer to the white matter
C) Cortical areas are aligned parallel to the cortical surface with dendrites closer to the surface and axons closer to the white matter.
D) Cortical areas are aligned perpendicular to the cortical surface with axons closer to the surface and dendrites closer to the white matter.
B) Cortical areas are aligned perpendicular to the cortical surface with dendrites closer to the surface and axons closer to the white matter
What is another factor enhancing the signal?
A) Synchronous firing of large neuron populations
B) Synchronous firing of smaller neuron populations
C) Surface negative dipoles influence postsynaptic potentials
D) Surface negative dipoles influence presynaptic potentials
A) Synchronous firing of large neuron populations
Why are the cyclic changes in amplitudes referred to as oscillations?
A) Spontaneous EEG results
B) Occipital variations
C) Beta rhythms and blockades
D) Alpha rhythms and blockades
D) Alpha rhythms and blockades
What does this best describe?
“Stimulus or task related changes in EEG oscillations”
A) Event related potentials
B) Event related oscillations
C) Action potentials
D) Readiness potential
B) Event related oscillations
What does this best describe?
“Waveforms defined in terms of latency relative to an event eg sensory stimulus”
A) Event related potentials
B) Event related oscillations
C) Action potentials
D) Readiness potential
A) Event related potentials
What has to be excluded when averaging ERP results?
(select all that apply)
A) Voltage fluctuations
B) Spontaneous EEG fluctuations
C) Movement of eyeballs
D) Muscle activity
C) Movement of eyeballs
D) Muscle activity
What best describes Exogenous ERPs?
A) Conscious responses from the brain controlled by physical properties of stimulus
B) Automatic responses from the brain controlled by physical properties of stimulus
C) Interactions between between subject and event
D) Separation between subject and event
B) Automatic responses from the brain controlled by physical properties of stimulus
What best describes Endogenous ERPs?
A) Conscious responses from the brain controlled by physical properties of stimulus
B) Automatic responses from the brain controlled by physical properties of stimulus
C) Interactions between between subject and event
D) Separation between subject and event
C) Interactions between between subject and event
What does this describe?
“Semi automatic but modulated by cognitive processes
A) Mesogneous ERPs
B) Metacortical ERPs
C) Metartranist ERPS
D) Metarelational ERPs
A) Mesogneous ERPs
How best to describe Mismatch negativity (MMN)?
A) Waveform typically recorded in an active auditory oddball paradigm with frequent ‘standard’ tones
B) Waveform typically recorded in an active auditory oddball paradigm with frequent ‘unusual’ tones
C) Waveform typically recorded in a passive auditory oddball paradigm with frequent ‘standard’ tones
D) Waveform typically recorded in a passive auditory oddball paradigm with frequent ‘unusual’ tones
C) Waveform typically recorded in a passive auditory oddball paradigm with frequent ‘standard’ tones
What is created by more discriminable stimuli?
A) Shorter MMN latency
B) Longer MMN latency
C) Nonexistent latency
D) None of the above
A) Shorter MMN latency
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1) Emotion 120
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2) Emotion 217
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Emotion MCQs24
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3) Sex differences 129
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4) Sex differences 220
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Sex Differences MCQs27
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5) Methods 1 (TMS)24
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6) Methods 2 (EEG + ERPs)40
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Methods MCQs30
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7) Structural and functional MRI32
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8) Neuropsychology with lesion studies30
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fMRI and lesion study MCQs23
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9/10) Alzheimer’s37
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Alzheimer's MCQs19
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11) Neurodegeneration 124
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12) Neurodegeneration 236
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Neurodegeneration MCQs38
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13) SZ 138
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13) SZ 226
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SZ MCQs39
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14) Neurobiology of Decision Making 125
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14) Neurobiology of Decision Making 221
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Neurobiology of Decision Making MCQs34
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15) Anxiety36
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Anxiety MCQs16
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16) Intro to learning24
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16) Classical conditioning24
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Learning 1 MCQs21
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17) Instrumental conditioning26
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17) Numbers and Counting26
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Instrumental condiitoning MCQs15
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Numbers and Counting MCQs20
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18) Associative Learning34
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Associative learning MCQs21
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18) Time33
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Time MCQs21
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19) Classical/instrumental interactions24
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Classical/instrumental MCQs15
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19) Categorisation31
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Categorisation MCQs19
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20) Rescorla-Wagner Model 121
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21) Rescorla-Wagner Model 218
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Rescorla-Wagner MCQs22
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22) Learning and Attention 115
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23) Learning and Attention 212
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Learning and Attention MCQs15
