Chemistry > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

A
X
z

Name the symbols in an atomic structure of an element .

A

A=mass number (no of protons+no of neutrons)
X=element
Z= atomic number (no of protons)

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2
Q

Although the mass number of carbon is 12,the relative atomic mass measured by spectrometer is slightly larger,why?

A

b/c of the occurrence of carbon 12,carbon 13 and carbon 14 isotopes

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3
Q

An ion of platinum has a mass number of 195 and contains 74 e, how many protons and neutrons does it contain? What is the charge?
Z=78

A

The number of protons -78
The number of neutrons - 195- 78 = 117
Charge = +4

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4
Q

Anions

A

Negative ions formed by gain of electrons (more electrons)

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5
Q

Atom

A

smallest unit of element

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6
Q

Atom has many_____

A

empty spaces

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7
Q

Atom has ______ charge.

A

No net charge

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8
Q

Atomic number

A

no of proton=no of electrons

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9
Q

Cations

A

Positive ions formed by loss of electrons (more protons)

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10
Q

Charge of proton,neutron & electron

A

Proton (+1)
Neutron (neutral)
Electron (-1)

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11
Q

Charge of subatomic particles

A

Proton-positive charge (+1)
Neutron-neutral
Electron-negative charge(-1)

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12
Q

Chemical properties are determined by _____ & ______.

A

Number & arrangement of electrons

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13
Q

Elements with 19protons,20neutrons and 18 electrons

A

By looking protons , potassium cation

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14
Q

Formula for relative atomic mass of isotope

A

Relative Atomic Mass (Ar) = ∑ (Isotope Mass × Percentage Abundance) / 100

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15
Q

Function of neutron

A

Hold the positively charged protons in the nucleus

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16
Q

How anions can be formed?

A

When atom gains electrons it forms a negative ions or anions

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17
Q

How can isotopes of elements exist?

A

The same atomic number but different mass number-different number neutrons

Isotopes——>same chemical properties b/c they have the same atomic number

but different physical properties such as boiling point and melting point,density and gaseous diffusion

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18
Q

How can we find the atomic mass of an element ?

A

Mass number = no of protons (1amu)+ no of neutrons (1amu) ( approximately)

eg.Carbon
Proton=6 Neutron=6
Atomic mass=6+6=12amu

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19
Q

How can we find the atomic mass of an element ?

A

Mass number = no of protons + no of neutrons = 1 amu+ 1amu ( approximately)

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20
Q

How do u find average atomic mass of elements which have isotopes?

A

Average atomic mass=total mass/number of atoms

Eg.100 Cl atoms-relative abundance of 35Cl=77.5 atoms and 37Cl=22.5atoms

total mass=77.535+22.537=3545
number of atoms=100

Relative atomic mass=3545/100=35.45

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21
Q

How positive ions form?

A

When atom loses electrons it forms a positive ions or cations

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22
Q

How subatomic particles are measured?

A

Atomic mass unit

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23
Q

instrument that used to measure the mass of an atom

A

Mass spectrometer

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24
Q

Ion

A

Formed when an atom gain or loss of electrons

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25
Is physical and chemical properties are same for isotopes?
Isotopes have same chemical properties (Reactivity,etc) but have different physical properties such as melting and boliling point,density and gaseous diffusion
26
Isotopes
Atom of the same elements but different number of neutrons (different mass number)
27
Mass number
no. of proton+no of neurons Also known as nucleon number
28
Mass of proton and neutron,which is heavier?
1amu Neutron is slightly heavier
29
Mass of proton,neutron & electron
Proton-1amu Neutron-1amu Electron-0.0005amu
30
Mass spectrometry
A technique to determine the isotopic composition of elements Instrument used-mass spectrometer and produce mass spectra
31
Most nutrients elements in food are present in the form of ions.The calcium ion Ca2+ is essential for healthy teeth and bones.Identify the sub-atomic particles present in the ions.
40 Ca2+ Number of protons+neutrons=40 Number of protons=20 Number of electrons=20-2=18
32
one element that does not have neutron
hydrogen
33
One element that does not have neutron
Hydrogen 1 H 1
34
Physical properties & chemical properties of isotopes
Physical properties are different Chemical properties are the similar
35
Physical properties are determined by ________.
mass of the atom
36
Proton & neutron located inside ______ & electrons ______.
Nucleus and electrons orbit the nucleus
37
Relative atomic mass of isotope
An average of all the relative isotopic masses *not whole number
38
Relative isotopic mass if the mass spectra give the relative abundance
Relative Atomic Mass (RAM)= ∑(isotopic mass×relative abundance)/∑(relative abundances)
39
Relative atomic mass formula
(Relative abundance of an isotope* mass number + relative abundance of second isotope* mass number of 2nd isotope ) / the number of atoms
40
Sodium atoms are very reactive and gives off heat when dissolved in water, we are eating common salt daily, why isn’t it dangerous to human bodies?
Bcuz we are eating sodium ion Na+ ——> which does not have outer electrons——> not reactive
41
Some isotopes are radioactive,what does it means?
Radioactive isotopes contain the nucleus that are unstable and giving out particle and energy when decays.
42
sub atomic particles of 40Ca^2+
number of proton=20 number of neutrons =20 number of electrons =20-2=18
43
Sub atomic particles of atom
Atom contains nucleus.Protons and neutrons are inside the nucleus.A cloud of electrons are move around the nucleus.
44
Subatomic particles
Proton Neutron Electrons
45
the atomic mass of an element should be equal to the mass number. But there are slight variations, WHY?
Bcuz of the existence of isotopes.
46
the mass of an atom is determined by ____
mass of proton and neutron
47
The mass of an atom is determined by ———
Mass of a proton and neutron bcuz electron mass is negligible
48
The number of proton and neutron changes during chemical reaction.True or False?
False Only number of electrons change
49
The number of—— is the defining traits of the element 1. Proton 2. Electron . 3 Neutrons
1. Proton bcuz the atomic number——> trait of an electron, no matter how many electrons or neutrons it may have
50
What are ions
when atom loses or gains an electron it becomes ions
51
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
52
What is approximately equal to the atomic mass of an atom?
An atom consists of protons, neutrons and electrons. Mass of an electron is too small so negligible, therefore, atomic mass of an atom is approximately equal to the mass number (no of protons+no of neutrons). but presence of isotopes= atomic number may not be whole number
53
What is atom?
Atoms are smallest particles of matter
54
What is atomic number(Z)?
The number of protons in the nucleus
55
What is isotopes?
Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass number
56
What is mass number(A)?
The number of protons + number of neutrons also known as nucleon number
57
What is the charge if proton and electron?
Charge of proton= +1.67*10^-19C Charge of electron = -1.67*10^-19C
58
What is the charge of a proton and an electron?
Charge of a proton= +1.67*10^-19 C Charge of an electon= -1.67*10^-19 C
59
What is the formula to find average mass( atomic mass of an atom)
Average mass= percent abundance * mass of an isotope
60
What is the same for an atom of phosphorus-26 and an atom of phosphorus-27? a)atomic number and mass number b)Number of protons and electrons c)Number of neutrons and electrons d)Number of protons and neutrons
b)Number of protons and electrons
61
When a chemical reaction occurs,what us the number that change? The number of proton? neutron? electron?
Electron the other two doesn’t change
62
Which particle has the greatest number of mass? Proton ? Neutron? Electron?
Neutron has the greatest number of mass. Although the mass of both protons and neutrons are approximately 1 amu, neutrons has a slight heavier mass.
63
Which particle has the greatest number of mass? Proton? Neuton? Electron?
Neutron has the greatest number of charge. Although the mass of both neutron and proton are approximately 1amu, neutron has slightly heavier mass.
64
Why isotopes of the same elements have the different physical properties?
Bcus they have different mass
65
Why isotopes of the same elements have the same chemical properties?
They have the same number of electrons
66
Y-axis & X-axis of Mass spectra
Y-Abundance of isotopes X-relative isotopic mass
67
______ is fixed number in an atom.
No of proton
Chemistry
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