Chemistry > Functional Gps > Flashcards

Functional Gps Flashcards

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1
Q

General formula of ether

A

ROR’

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2
Q

IUPAC Nomanclature of ether

A

Name shorter alkyl as “-oxy” and name the longer alkyl as parent hydrocarbon

eg.CH3OCH2CH3>methoxyethane

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3
Q

Common nomencluture of ether

A

Name the 2 alkyl gps follwed by “ether”
alkyl twy m tu yin Carbon no nel dk kg ko ayin yayy

eg.CH3OCH3>Dimethylether
CH3OCH2CH3>Methylethylether

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4
Q

Physical properties of ether

A

1)Low boiling point than alcohol (no OH gp)
2)Slightly polar (due to C-O-C linkage)
3)Soluble in water (O can form H bond with water)

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5
Q

Functional gp of aldehyde & ketone

A

Caronyl gp (C=O)

*aldehyde>C=O bonded to H
*Ketone>C=O boned to alkyl

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6
Q

General formula of aldehyde

A

R-CHO

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7
Q

General formula of ketone

A

R-CO-R’

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8
Q

Nomenclature of aldehyde

A

-CHO gp as Carbon 1 and name as “-anal”

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9
Q

IUPAC & common name of HCHO

A

Methanl
Formaldehyde

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10
Q

IUPAC & common name of CH3CHO

A

Ethanal
Acetaldehyde

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11
Q

IUPAC & common name of CH3CH2CHO

A

Propanal
Propionaldehyde

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12
Q

IUPAC & common name of CH3CH2CH2CHO

A

Butanal
Butyrlaldehyde

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13
Q

Nomenclature of ketone

A

Numbering begins at the end nearer to -CO gp and name as ‘-anone’

functional gp nk nee dk C ko number sa tak

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14
Q

C=O is _______ & _______.

A

electron rich (nucleophile)
highly polar

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15
Q

Why C=O gp is polar?

A

bcus of high electronegativity of O which make C as delta positive end and O as delta negative end

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16
Q

Chemical proparties of aldehyde & ketone

A

Addition reactions
Oxidation & reduction

*bcus electron poor carbon attract the electron rich gps

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17
Q

Alcohol addition of aldehyde

A

Aldehyde+ROH>Hemiacetal+ROH>Acetal

*first step-addition
*Second step-substitution

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18
Q

Alcohol addition of ketone

A

Ketone+ROH>Hemiketal+ROH>Ketal

*first step-addition
*Second step-substitution

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19
Q

Functional gp of carboxylic acid

A

Carboxyl gp (-COOH )

contain both C=O & OH bond

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20
Q

Carboxylic acid are _______ so can react with ______.

A

Weak acid so can react with strong base

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21
Q

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid

A

Numbering begins at the end nearer to -COOH gp and name as ‘-anoic acid’

functional gp nk nee dk C ko number sa tak

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22
Q

IUPAC & Common name of CH3COOH

A

Ethanoic acid
Acetic acid

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23
Q

IUPAC name of CH3CH2CH2COOH

A

Butanoic acid
Butyric acid

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24
Q

IUPAC & Common name of HCOOH

A

Methanoic acid
Formic acid

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25
IUPAC & Common name of CH3CH2COOH
Propanoic acid Propionic acid
26
Physical properties of carboxylic acid
1)Very polar 2)High melting point & boiling than alcohol 3)Soluble in water 4)Soluble in organic solvent 5)Weak acid *Bcus of electron rich C=O and strong OH bond
27
General formula
RCOOR'
28
Esters
Formed by dehydration reaction alcohol+carboxylic acid=ester
29
Esterification is _______ reaction.
Dehydration or condensation reaction (removal of water)
30
Ester gps commonly found in _____.
Lipids (Esterification of lipids)
31
CH3CH2COOCH2CH3
Ethyl propanoate (anouk ka kg ko ayin sa call)
32
HCOOCH2CH2CH3
Propyl methanoate
33
CH3CH2CH2COOCH3
Methyl butanoate
34
CH3COOCH2CH2CH3
Propyl ethanoate
35
Saponification
production of soap from fats & oils TAG+NaOH is heated to produce soaps and glycerol
36
Functional gp of Amide
-C=O-NH2
37
Primary amide
Nitrogen is attached to one carbon
38
Secondary amide
Nitrogen is attached to 2 carbon
39
Tertiary amide
Nitrogen is attached to 3 carbon
40
Cyclic amide are called
Lactam
41
Functional gp of amine
-NH2
42
Primary amine
N of amine gp attached to 1 C
43
Secondary amine
N of amine gp attached to 2 C
44
Tertiary amine
N of amine gp attached to 3 C
45
Amide are also called
Derivative of amine (NH2) & derivative of carboxylic acid (COOH) Amide contain C=O & NH2
46
Functional gp differnece between amide & amine
Amide-C=O NH2 Amine-NH2 In amide,NH2 gp is attached to C=O(carbonyl gp).
47
Chemical properties of amide & amine
Amide-acidic (C=O) Amine-basic
48
Melting point & boiling point of amide and amine
Amide-high Amine-low
49
Physical properties of amide
1)Very Polar 2)Acidic 3)High mp & bp than amine 4)Solid at room temperature
50
Physical properties of amine
1)Polar 2)Basic 3)Low mp & bp than amide 4)Gases at room temp
51
Halogenoalkane
Alkyl halides General formula-CnH2n+1X
52
General formula fo halogenoalkane
CnH2n+1X
53
Primary,secondary,teritary halogenoalkanes
Primary-C attched to halogen is attached to one C gp Secondary-C attched to halogen is attached to 2 C gp Tertiary-C attched to halogen is attached to 3 C gp
54
Halogenoalkanes are______ and undergoes ______.Why?
Polar (bcus of the high electronegativity of halogen make C as delta positive end and halogen as delta negative end) Can undergo Nucleophilw substitution
55
Chemical properties of Halogenoalkanes
Nucleophile substitution 1)SN1 mechanism-Substitution nucleophilic unimolecular 2)SN2 mechanism-Substitution nucleophilic bimolecular
56
SN1 mechanisms or Substitution nucleophilic unimolecular
Occurs mostly in tertiary halogenoalkanes 2 steps machanisms wuth carbocation intermediate 1)Leaving go departs,forming a carbocation 2)Nucleophile attacks the carbocation *ထွက်ရမဲ့halogen gpကအရင်ထွက်ပြီးCarbocationဖြစ်မှ Nucleophile gpကလာပေါင်း*
57
Rate of SN1 mechanism
Rate=k[halogenoalkanes]
58
SN1 mechaisms occurs mostly in
Tertiary halogenoalkanes
59
SN2 mechanisms or Substitution nucleophilic bimolecular
Occurs mostly in primary halogenoalkanes 1 step concerted machanisms with unstable transition state *ထွက်ရမဲ့halogen gpမထွက်ခင်မှာNucleophile gpကလာပေါင်းလို့ unstable transition stateပေါ်ပြီးမှာ Halogenကထွက်သွား*
60
SN2 mechanism occurs mainly in
Primary halogenoalkanes
61
SN2 mechanisms is also known as
1 step concerted mechanism with unstable transition state *ထွက်ရမဲ့halogen gpမထွက်ခင်မှာNucleophile gpကလာပေါင်းလို့ unstable transition stateပေါ်ပြီးမှာ Halogenကထွက်သွား*
62
Rate of SN2 mechanisms
Rate=k[halogenoalkane][Nucleophile]
63
SN2 mechanisms is _______.
Sterospecific
64
Rate of SN1 and SN2
rate of SN1 is higher than SN2
65
Favor solvent
Reactionကိုပိုမြန်အောင်လုပ်ပေးတဲ့solvent
66
Favour solvent of SN1
Polar,protic Protic-H bondဖြစ်နိုင်တဲ့solventတွေ (OH,NH2 ပါတဲ့solventတွေ like alcohol and amine)
67
Favour solvent of SN2
Polar,aprotic
68
Transition state of SN1 & SN2
SN1-two step mechanisms (two transition state) SN2-one step mechanisms (one transition state)
69
Formaldehyde is synthesized by
oxidation of methanol (HCHO)
70
Oxidation of aldehyde result in
carboxylic acid
71
Oxidation of ketone result in
no product
72
Reduction of aldehyde result in
primary alcohol
73
Reduction of ketone result in
secondary alcohol
74
Chemical reaction of carboxylic acid
1)Ionization with water 2)Neutrilization with base
75
Ionization reaction of carboxylic acid
Hydrogen from acid is transferred to water molecules
76
Neutrilization reaction of carboxylic acid
Acid neutrilizes with base to form salt & water
77
Small ester are soluble in water by _____.
C=O forming hydrogen bond with water
78
Boiling point & melting point of ester
Lower bp than carboxylic acid and alcohols Higher than hydrocarbons
79
Hydrolysis of ester result in
alcohol & carboxylix acid
80
Chemical properties of amines
1)Ionization with water 2)Neutrilization with acid 3)Amide formation
81
Ionization with water
Primary,secondary and tertiary amines have unshared e, so accept H+ from solvent
82
Neutrilization of amine with acid
83
Amide formation of amine
Amine+carboxylic acid------>amide+water
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