attribution-§§

Question 1

what are the characteristics of attribution

Answer 1

Attribution Theory is linked to motivation, and explains the reasons individuals provide for winning, losing and drawing.

Attributions are the perceived causes of a particular outcome or the reasons given.

They are important as they affect motivation and self-confidence, which in turn affects performance and future effort.

Question 2

what are the 2 main variables which affect the result according to attribution theory

Answer 2

1. locus of cauality
   INTERNAL attributions are from within the performer.

EXTERNAL attributions are from the environment.

2. Stability
   stable -controllable

unstable - uncontrollable

Question 3

is the situation is stable and internal

Answer 3

it down to ability
e.g i played better than her today

Question 4

is the situation is external and stable

Answer 4

its down to task diffiulty
e.g she is younger than me and inexperienced

Question 5

is the situation is unstable and internal

Answer 5

effort
i trained really hard up to the game

Question 6

is the situation is external and unstbale

Answer 6

its down to luck
i was lucky at match point the umpire gave me the line call

Question 7

what can attributing failure to external causes do

Answer 7

Sustains confidence, self-esteem
Reassures success is possible in the future
Maintains motivation
Takes away the responsibility for failure
BUT can result in avoiding areas of performance that need improving

Question 8

what can attributing success to internal causes do

Answer 8

Elevates confidence & pride
Endorses expectations of achievement
Used to reinforce success
BUT can cause over-inflated/inaccurate perceptions of competency

Question 9

if your a high achiver what do you do

Answer 9

Demonstrate approach behaviour
Attribute success to internal factors
Results in greater effort and self-belief

Attribute failure to external factors
Failure seen as a temporary setback and confidence/motivation is preserved

Question 10

if your a low achiever what do you do

Answer 10

Demonstrate avoidance behaviour
Attribute success to external factors such as luck
Incentive task value of success is derived
No benefits to confidence/motivation

Attribute failure to internal factors such as ability
Repeated failure therefore results in learned helplessness

Question 11

what is learned helplessness

Answer 11

= The belief that failure is inevitable and the individual has no control over the factors that cause failure.

Question 12

what master orientation

Answer 12

Motivated by learning and developing new skills.
Motivated to become an expert by learning from mistakes

Those with MO will attribute failure to internal, unstable and controllable and unstable factors.

The see failure as an opportunity to improve and that they can change the outcome.

Not concerned with their performance in relation to others.

Opposite to learned helplessness

Question 13

what was weiners 3rd dimenition

Answer 13

locus of controk
-takes into account whether a cause for a sport outcome is controllable or uncontrollable

Question 14

what is self serving bias

Answer 14

a persons tendenct to attribute their failure to external causes and success to internal causes