what is hollanders definition of personality
The sum total of an individual’s psychological characteristics which make him or her unique.
what are the 3 personality theories
1) trait
2) social learning
3) interactionist
what is anxiety
Negative emotional state closely associated with arousal. It is experiencing apprehension and being aware of high arousal linked to our fears and worries
what is state anxiety
Anxiety in a specific situation
what is arousal
The ‘energised state’ of ‘readiness’ that motivated us to behave in a certain way
what is the trait personality theory
Involves characteristics that are innate, stable and enduring.
Examples of these eg. always aggressive.
Behaviour is genetically programmed.
In sport you will display similar behaviours to other situations.
Suggests the situation does not impact upon the individual’s behaviour.
what are eysencks 4 primary personality traits
- unstable
-stable - introvert
- extrovert
what is stable personality
Someone who does not swing between one emotion and another and usually display consistent behavioral traits
what is unstable personality
Someone who is highly anxious and has unpredictable emotions
what is extroversion
Someone who seeks social situations and likes excitement. Can lack concentration
what is introversion
Someone who does not seek social situations, and prefer peace and quiet. Have good concentration.
what are the traits of type a personality
Highly competitive
Works fast
Strong desire to succeed
Likes control
Impatient
what are the traits of type b personality
Non-competitive
Works more slowly
Lack in desire to succeed
Does not enjoy control
Work slowly
give some characteristics of extroverts
- perform better in higher arousal situations
- aroused more slowly than introverts
- low sensitivity of the reticular activating system
- prefer gross skills/ activities
what are the characteristics of introverts
high levels of excitation
- dont need added stimulation or excitement
- become aroused more quickly
-high sensitivity of the reticular activating system
what are the positives and negatives of the trait theory of personality
positives
- behaviour can be predicted
- evidence suggest genetics and are innate
negative
- personality changes
- not just genetics which determine personality
- identical twins who are brought up in different households do not display saem personality
what was the profile of mood state designed to measure
tension
depression
anger
vigour
fatigue
confusion
what did morgan find out about profile mood states
Unsuccessful sports people have moods that are fairly constant (flat)
Successful sports people were found to have low tension/depression, fatigue and confusion but vigour was high
Vigour had the highest profile in successful athletes
what is the social learning theory of personality
-all behaviour is learnt
- behaviour changes according to our enviroment and situation
- involves being imitated through observation and following reinforcement
- learning occurs through experiences and influence of others
what learned behaviour could be negative
- aggrssion
- sendentary lifestyle
what learned behaviours could be positive
sportsmanship/ ettique
-healthy lifestyle
what are the positives and negatives of the social learning theory
positives
-Bobo Doll experiment supports the theory
-Some evidence aspects of personality are learned from role models or significant others
negatives
Does not consider inherited characteristics
Justifies dysfunctional behaviour
Does not explain why individuals can display positive behaviour, despite having negative role models
what is the interactionist theory
Personality is determined by an interaction
between traits and the situation.
behaviour= function of personality and environment
what are the 3 levels of the hollanders model
- psychological core- not affected by environment
- typical response- way respond to situations
- role related to behaviour- chaneable depending on your role and social influence
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guidance & feedback-§§30
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personalities-§§24
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anxiety-§§11
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arousal-§§19
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motivation-§§12
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types and methods of practice-§§44
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transfer of skill-§§22
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skill classification-§§21
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learning theories-§§30
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leadership-§§25
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memory-§§14
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attribution-§§14
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self efficacy-§§22
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group dynamics-§§20
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stress management-§§21
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stages of learning-§§7
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Aggression-§§16
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social facilitation and inhibition- §§12
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goal setting11
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Attitiude10
