Histology > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

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1
Q

Cells of the bone

A
  1. Osteoprogenitor Cells
  2. Osteoblasts
  3. Osteoclasts
  4. Osteocytes
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2
Q

Undifferentiated cells capable of mitosis

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

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3
Q

Where does osteoprogenitor cells originate?

A

Mesenchymal stem cells

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4
Q

potential to proliferate & differentiate into osteoblasts

A

Importance of osteoprogenitor cells

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5
Q

Role of osteoprogenitor cells

A

Bone growth and repair

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6
Q

bone-forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

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7
Q

Location of osteoblasts

A

lining surfaces of the bone matrix

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8
Q

Function of osteoblasts

A

synthesize osteoid

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9
Q

Types of Osteoblasts

A
  1. Active
  2. Inactive
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10
Q

cuboidal or columnar with basophilic cytoplasm

A

active osteoblasts

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11
Q

flat cells lining endosteum and periosteum

A

Inactive Osteoblasts

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12
Q

mature cells of the bone

A

Osteocytes

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13
Q

Shape of osteocytes

A

flat & almond-shaped w cytoplasmic projection/process

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14
Q

Location of osteocytes

A

Lacunae or Cavities

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15
Q

Function of osteocytes

A

maintain bone matrix

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16
Q

motile, multinucleated giant cells

A

Osteoclasts

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17
Q

Origin of Osteoclasts

A

fusion of bone marrow derived cells

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18
Q

Role of osteoclasts

A

resorption of bone matrix
remodeling

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19
Q

Location of osteoclasts

A

Howship lacunae

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20
Q

Genetic disease
• Dense, heavy, or ‘marbled’ bones
• Defective bone resorption leading to overgrowth & thickening of bone

A

Osteopetrosis

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21
Q

Immobilized patients and postmenopausal women
- Reduced bone mineral density phaphorous
• Bone resorption exceeds bone formation due to calcium loss from bones

A

Osteoporosis

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22
Q

Group of related congenital disorders
• Production of deficient amounts or defective type 1 collagen due to genetic mutations

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta or Brittle Bone disease

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23
Q

Composition of the bone matrix

A

Inorganic (50%)
Organic

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24
Q

Composition of inorganic bone matrix

A
  1. Calcium hydroxyapatite
  2. Ions
  3. Calcium Phosphate
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25
Composition of Organic bone matrix
Type 1 collagen Proteoglycans Multi adhesive glycoproteins
26
most abundant • important for hardness of the bone
calcium hydroxyapatite
27
Layers of Periosteum
1. Outer Layer 2. Sharpey’s layer 3. Inner Layer
28
dense connective tissue, blood vessels, collagen bundles, and fibroblasts
Outer layer
29
perforating collagen fibers - Penetrate bone matrix • Bind periosteum to the bone
Sharpey’s fiber
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Bone lining cells, osteoblasts, and progenitor cells - More cellular than other layers • Nourishes osseous tissue • Provides continuous supple of new osteoblasts
Inner layer
31
Bone lining cells, osteoblasts, and osteoprogenitor cells • **Thin layer which covers small trabeculae** of bone matrix that projects into marrow cavities
Endosteum
32
Types of Bones
Compact or Corticol Bone Cancellous, Spongy
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Dense area near the surface of the bone Appears like a **solid mass**; No spaces are visible 80% of total bone mass
Compact
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Found in deeper areas of the bone 20% of total bone mass
Cancellous
34
Types of Bones according to Shape
1. Long Bone 2. Short Bone 3. Flat Bone
35
Parts of the Long Bone
Epiphysis Metaphysis Diaphysis
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spongy bone covered by a thin layer of compact bone
Epiphysis
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almost totally compact bone w thin region of spongy on inner surface
Diaphysis
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Cores of spongy bone **surrounded completely by compact bone**
Short Bone
39
Have 2 layers of compact bones (plates) separated by a layer of spongy bone
Flat Bone
40
Organization of Bone
1. Lamellar Bone 2. Woven Bone
41
Most seen in adults > Multiple layers or lamellae of calcified matrix > Can be compact or spongy
Lamellar Bone “Secondary Bone”
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lamellae either parallel to one another OR concentric around a central canal
organization of Lamellar Bone
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Type 1 collagen aligned in parallel in each lamella
Composition of Lamellar Bone
44
Types of Lamellae
1. Concentric Lamellae 2. Interstitial Lamellae 3. External circumferential lamellae 4. Interstitial circumferential lamellae
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organized around a central canal
Concentric lamellae
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between intact osteons
Interstitial Lamellae
47
located immediately beneath the periosteum
External circumferential lamellae
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around marrow cavities
Interstitial circumferential lamellae
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organized around a central canal
Concentric lamellae
50
is a long cylinder parallel to the long axis of diaphysis
Osteon
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outer boundary of osteon
Cement Line
52
more collagen rich
content of osteon
53
Components of an Osteon
1. Haversian Canal 2. Lacunae 3. Bony Canaliculi 4. Volkmann’s canal 5. Osteocyte
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small central canal • contents: BV, loose CT, endosteum, nerves
Haversian Canal
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contain 1 osteocyte each
Lacunae
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interconnects osteocytes
Bony Canaliculi
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perforating canal
Volkmann’s canal
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located at the lacunae
Osteocyte
59
Non-lamellar; usually temporary > Random distribution of type I collagen • First bone tissue to appear in embryonic development and in fracture repair
Woven Bone
60
Replaced in adults by lamellar bone, EXCEPT near the sutures of the calvaria and in the insertions of some tendons > Has a lower mineral content; less strength than lamellar bone
Woven Bone
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Types of Bone growth
1. Appositional Growth 2. Interstitial Growth
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Growth in circumference, Deeper layer of periosteum is made of osteoblasts which are responsible for new bone formation
Appositional Growth
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• Growth in length • Continued ossification of cartilage at the ends of bones until all are responsible for new transformed into bone
Interstitial Growth
64
types of Bone development
Intramembranous Ossification Endochondral Ossification
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Osteoblasts differentiate directly from mesenchyme Osteoblasts begin secreting osteoid
Intramembranous Ossification
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Preexisting matrix of hyaline cartilage is eroded • Osteoblasts invade eroded cartilage & begin osteoid production
Endochondral Ossification
67
Steps of Intramembranous Ossification
Step 1: Mesenchymal Cell Condensation Step 2: Osteoblast Activity and Osteoid Secretion Step 3: Mineralization (Calcification) of Osteiod Step 4: Formation of Trabeculae and Compact Bone
68
Mesenchyme differentiate into osteoblasts
Mesenchymal Cell Condensation
69
Osteoblasts secrete osteoid -> calcifies -> bone matrix
Osteoblast Activity and Osteiod Secretion
70
Osteoblasts trapped become osteocytes
Mineralization (Calcification) of Osteoid
71
Trabeculae form -> compact bone develops on surface
Formation of trabeculae and compact bone
Histology
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