Connective tissue

Question 1

Most abundant tissue type in body
• Support, anchor, connect
• Made up of three structural elements

Answer 1

Connective tissue

Question 2

3 structural elements of connective tissue

Answer 2

1. cells
2. fibers
3. ground substance

Question 3

2 types of cells

Answer 3

1. Matrix maintaining/ secreting cells
2. accessory cells

Question 4

Young undifferentiated matrix-secreting cells
• fibroblast, chondroblast, osteoblast

Answer 4

blast

Question 5

Mature, less active matrix-maintaining cells

Answer 5

cytes

Question 6

Fat-secreting cells that provide energy
•White blood cells

Answer 6

accessory cells

Question 7

3 types of fibers

Answer 7

1. collagen
2. elastin
3. reticular

Question 8

• White fibers
Extremely tough (stronger than steel)
• Provide tensile strength

Answer 8

Collagen fibers

Question 9

Yellow fibers
Elastic and recoil
• Lungs and blood vessels

Answer 9

Elastin fibers

Question 10

Fine collagenous fibers
• Delicate and branching network
• Liver and spleen

Answer 10

reticular fibers

Question 11

composition of ground substance

Answer 11

1. cell adhesion proteins
2. proteoglycans
3. interstitial fluid

Question 12

this allows connective tissue to attach to matrix

Answer 12

cell adhesion proteins

Question 13

• Proteins to which polysaccharides are attached
• Attracts water
• More polysaccharides means stiffer ground substance

Answer 13

proteoglycans

Question 14

3 types of monosaccharides

Answer 14

1. glucose
2. galactose
3. fructose

Question 15

3 types of disaccharides

Answer 15

1. maltose
2. lactose
3. sucrose

Question 16

Functions as a medium for nutrients and dissolved substances

Answer 16

interstitial fluid

Question 17

4 classification of connective tissue

Answer 17

1. Connective tissue proper
2. Cartilage
3. Bone
4. Blood

Question 18

Broad category of tissues with flexible matrix
• Degree of denseness relates to the concentration of protein fibers versus ground substance in matrix

Answer 18

connective tissue proper

Question 19

connective tissue may be _______ which serves as a general packaging

Answer 19

loose

Question 20

connective tissue may be ______ as it is found in tendons and ligaments.

Answer 20

dense

Question 21

these are embedded in matrix; they do not lie in lacunae

Answer 21

fibroblasts

Question 22

connective tissue proper may be?

Answer 22

loose or dense

Question 23

3 loose connective tissue proper:

Answer 23

1. Areolar
2. Adipose
3. Reticular

Question 24

3 dense connective tissue proper

Answer 24

1. Regular
2. Irregular
3. Elastic

Question 25

• Fibroblasts are embedded in matrix: they do not lie in lacunae • Fibers are _____ woven and thus ground substance is highly visible. • Accessory cells (blood cells, fat cells) can be found in these tissues

Answer 25

loose

Question 26

•Fibers are loosely woven; ground substance is highly visible. •Collagen, elastic and reticular are present in roughly same amount. •Many accessory cells can be found. ex: WBC, macrophage •Most widely distributed connective tissue in the body.

Answer 26

areolar

Question 27

• An aerolar connective tissue invaded by fat cells (adipocytes). •Oil droplet occupies most of cell volume, pushing the cell's nucleus to the periphery (signet ring)

Answer 27

adipose

Question 28

• Loosely packed with fibers mostly _______ which form a fine network • Forms the delicate framework (or stroma) that supports blood cells in lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow.

Answer 28

reticular

Question 29

•Fibers are _______ packed and thus ground substance is barely visible. •Fibers are the predominant element •There are virtually no accessory cells. •Found in organs that have to withstand great tensile stress (stretch).

Answer 29

dense

Question 30

•Collagenous fibers and are arranged parallel to each other • Great resistance to forces pulling in one direction. •Slightly wavy: allows the tissue to stretch a little. •Found in tendons, aponeuroses and ligaments.

Answer 30

regular

Question 31

•Primary collagenous fibers and are interwoven without a regular orientation •Great resistance to forces pulling in several directions. •Usually forms sheets in area where tension is exerted in many directions •Dermis, GIT Submucosa, heart valves, fibrous pericardium, perichondrium, periosteum

Answer 31

irregular

Question 32

•Fibers are primary elastic fibers and they give the tissue a yellowish color. •Combines strength with elasticity. • Vocal cords, in some ligaments (suspensory ligament of penis, walls of elastic arteries, parts of trachea and bronchi, and lung tissue.

Answer 32

elastic

Question 33

• Tough but flexible tissue • Matrix of _____ consists of elastic and collagenous fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate • Chondrocytes lie singly or in grouped lacunae. • No blood vessels or nerves.

Answer 33

cartilage

Question 34

3 types of cartilage

Answer 34

1. hyaline 2. elastic 3. fibrocartilage

Question 35

•Chondrocytes lie within lacunae. •Contains a gel-like amorphous matrix. •Fine collagen fibers are present in the matrix, but they are not visible with ordinary staining techniques.

Answer 35

hyaline

Question 36

•Affords firm support with some pliability. •**Most abundant type of cartilage** •Found at ends of long bones, tip of the nose, trachea and bronchi, larynx and epiphyseal plates of children.

Answer 36

hyaline

Question 37

•Quite similar to hyaline cartilage but its matrix contains many **elastic fibers**. •Provides strength and elasticity •Allows flexibility while maintaining the shape of the structure. •Epiglottis, external ear and Eustachian tubes.

Answer 37

elastic cartilage

Question 38

•Quite similar to hyaline cartilage but its matrix contains many **coarse collagen fibers** running parallel to each other. •Can resist compression and also pulling.

Answer 38

Fibrocartilage

Question 39

•Found where strong support and **ability to withstand heavy pressure** is required Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs and the menisci of knee joint

Answer 39

Fibrocartilage

Question 40

One of the hardest tissues in the body • Hardness due to the inorganic calcium phosphate (calcium hydroxyapatite) deposited within the matrix. • Numerous collagen fibers embedded within the matrix give the bone its ability to resist twisting and stretching.

Answer 40

bone

Question 41

Mature bone cells are called?

Answer 41

osteocytes

Question 42

osteocytes lie within?

Answer 42

lacunae

Question 43

______ are radiating in all direction from the lacunae

Answer 43

canaliculi

Question 44

_____ connect the lacunae with each other. - are filled with extracellular fluid and contain slender cytoplasmic processes of osteocytes.

Answer 44

canaliculi

Question 45

______ are connected together by very fine tentacle-like cytoplasmic processes.

Answer 45

osteocytes

Question 46

2 types of bone

Answer 46

1. compact 2. spongy

Question 47

•Consists of precise arrangements of microscopic cylindrical structures called osteons. •Forms external layer of all bones and the bulk of diaphyses (shaft) of long bones.

Answer 47

compact bone

Question 48

______ are laid down in concentric rings around a central (Haversian) canal.

Answer 48

osteocytes

Question 49

•Consists of an irregular latticework of thin blades of bone •Makes up most of the bone tissue of short, flat and irregularly shaped bones and most of epiphyse of long bones.

Answer 49

spongy bone

Question 50

irregular latticework of thin blades of bone

Answer 50

trabeculae

Question 51

•Space between the trabeculae are filled with _______ which produces blood cells.

Answer 51

red marrow