Epithelial Tissue

Question 1

Four basic tissue types

Answer 1

1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscular
4. Nervous tissues

Question 2

*Aggregated polyhedral cells
Lining of surface or body cavities; glandular secretion

Answer 2

Epithelial

Question 3

*Fixed and wandering cells
Support and protection of tissues/organs

Answer 3

Connective

Question 4

*Elongated contractile cells
Strong contraction; body movements

Answer 4

Muscle Tissue

Question 5

*Elongated cells with extremely fine processes
Transmission of nerve impulses

Answer 5

Nervous Tissue

Question 6

which is composed of the cells
responsible for the organ’s specialized functions,

Answer 6

parenchyma

Question 7

the cells of which play a supporting role in the organ.

Answer 7

Stroma

Question 8

Principal functions of epithelial tissues

Answer 8

1. Covering or protecting surfaces
2. Absorption
3. Secretion

Question 9

Shapes and dimensions of epithelial cells

Answer 9

1. Columnar
2. Cuboidal
3. Squamous

Question 10

generally have elongated nuclei

Answer 10

Columnar Cells

Question 11

cells have flattened nuclei,

Answer 11

Squamous cells

Question 12

generally have spherical nuclei

Answer 12

Cuboidal Cells

Question 13

always lies at the interface of epithelial cells
and connective tissue

Answer 13

basement membrane

Question 14

The connective tissue layer that underlies the epithelia lining the organs of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems is called the

Answer 14

Lamina propria

Question 15

The area of contact between the two tissues may be increased by small evaginations called?

Answer 15

Papillae

Question 16

a thin, electron-dense, sheetlike layer of fine fibrils

Answer 16

Basal Lamina

Question 17

this layer is a more diffuse and fibrous

Answer 17

Reticular lamina

Question 18

Monomers of type IV collagen self-assemble into a
two-dimensional network of evenly spaced subunits resembling the mesh of a window screen.

Answer 18

Type IV collagen

Question 19

These are large glycoproteins that attach to transmembrane integrin proteins in the basal cell membrane and project through the
mesh formed by the type IV collagen.

Answer 19

Laminins

Question 20

form a seal between adjacent cells.

Answer 20

Tight or Occluding junctions

Question 21

create sites of strong cell adhesion.

Answer 21

Adherent or Anchoring junctions

Question 22

act as channels for communication between adjacent
cells.

Answer 22

Gap Junctions

Question 23

Cytoskeletal component of the tight junction

Answer 23

Actin Filaments

Question 24

Cytoskeletal component of the Adherens Junction

Answer 24

Actin filaments

Question 25

Cytoskeletal component of the Desmosome (Macula Adherens)

Answer 25

Intermediate Filaments

Question 26

Seals adjacent cells to one another controlling passage of molecules between them.

Answer 26

Tight Junction (Zonula Occludens)

Question 27

Provides points linking the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells; **strengthens and stabilizes nearby tight junctions**

Answer 27

Adherens Junction (Zonula Adherens)

Question 28

Two types of Epithelia

Answer 28

1. Covering (lining) epithelia 2. Secretory (glandular) epithelia

Question 29

consist of only one cell layer

Answer 29

Simple Epithelia

Question 30

Have two or more layers

Answer 30

Stratified epithelia

Question 31

Where can Stratified Squamous tissues be found? (keratinized or dry)

Answer 31

Epidermis

Question 32

Where can stratified squamous be found? (Nonkeratinized or moist)

Answer 32

Mouth, Esophagus, larynx, vagina, anal canal

Question 33

Where can stratified cuboidal tissues be found?

Answer 33

Sweat glands, developing ovarian follicles

Question 34

Where can stratified transitional tissues be found?

Answer 34

Bladder, ureters, renal calyces

Question 35

Where can stratified columnar tissues be found?

Answer 35

Conjunctiva

Question 36

Where can pseudostratified tissues be found?

Answer 36

Lining of trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity

Question 37

Where can simple squamous tissues be found?

Answer 37

Lining of vessels Pericardium, pleura, peritoneum

Question 38

Where can simple cuboidal tissues be found?

Answer 38

covering of the ovary Thyroid

Question 39

Where can simple columnar tissues be found?

Answer 39

Lining of intestine, gallbladder

Question 40

**extending from the kidneys to the proximal part of the urethra**, and characterized by a superficial layer of large, **dome-like cells** sometimes called **umbrella cells.**

Answer 40

Transitional epithelium or urothelium

Question 41

Epithelial cells that function **mainly to produce and secrete** various macromolecules may occur in epithelia with other major functions or comprise specialized organs called?

Answer 41

Glands

Question 42

Glands that has ducts with **two or more branches**

Answer 42

Compound

Question 43

Glands that has ducts that **do not branch**

Answer 43

Simple

Question 44

**Elongated** secretory portion; **duct usually short** or absent

Answer 44

Simple Tubular ducts

Question 45

**Several long secretory parts joining** to drain into 1 duct

Answer 45

Branched Tubular ducts

Question 46

Secretory portion is **very long and coiled**

Answer 46

Coiled Tubular ducts

Question 47

Rounded, saclike secretory portion

Answer 47

Acinar or Alveolar

Question 48

**Multiple saclike** secretory parts entering the same duct

Answer 48

Branched Acinar

Question 49

**several elongated coiled secretory units** and their ducts converge to form larger ducts.

Answer 49

Compound tubular gland

Question 50

**several saclike secretory units** with small ducts converge at a larger duct

Answer 50

Compound Acinar Gland

Question 51

Ducts of both **tubular and acinar secretory units converge** at larger ducts

Answer 51

Tubuloacinar

Question 52

This is the **most common method of protein or glycoprotein secretion** and involves typical exocytosis from membrane-bound vesicles or secretory granules.

Answer 52

Merocrine secretion

Question 53

Here cells accumulate product continuously as they **enlarge and undergo terminal differentiation**, culminating in complete cell disruption that releases the product and cell debris into the gland’s lumen.

Answer 53

Holocrine secretion

Question 54

Here product accumulates at the **cells’ apical ends**, portions of which are then pinched off to release the product surrounded by a small amount of cytoplasm and cell membrane.

Answer 54

Apocrine Secretion

Question 55

secretion releases products, **usually containing proteins, by means of exocytosis** at the apical end of the secretory cells. Most exocrine glands are?.

Answer 55

Merocrine

Question 56

secretion is produced by the **disintegration of the secretory cells themselves as they complete their terminal differentiation**, which involves becoming filled with product. **Sebaceous glands** of hair follicles are the best examples of this gland

Answer 56

Holocrine

Question 57

secretion involves **loss of membrane-enclosed apical cytoplasm**, usually containing one or more lipid droplets. May be seen in mammary glands.

Answer 57

Apocrine

Question 58

have both **serous acini and mucous tubules** with clustered serous cells and occur in some **salivary glands.**

Answer 58

Seromucous glands

Question 59

**lacks myoepithelial cells** and become specialized either for protein or steroid **hormone synthesis**, with cytoplasmic staining characteristic of RER or SER, respectively.

Answer 59

Endocrine glands

Question 60

is the **process of transport from an organ or duct’s lumen to capillaries** near the epithelial basement membrane and involves movement from the apical to the basolateral cell membrane domains.

Answer 60

Absorption

Question 61

occurs, for example, in the epithelium of the gallbladder and intestine where it serves to concentrate bile or obtain water and ions from digested material.

Answer 61

Absorption

Question 62

involves **transport in the other direction from the capillaries into a lumen**, as in many glands and the choroid plexus.

Answer 62

Secretion

Question 63

epithelial cells **removes water from the neighboring interstitial fluid** or plasma and **releases** it as part of the specialized aqueous fluids in such organs.

Answer 63

Secretion

Question 64

**Malignant tumors** of epithelial origin are called?

Answer 64

Carcinomas

Question 65

Malignant tumors **derived from glandular epithelial tissue** are called?

Answer 65

adenocarcinomas

Question 66

Some epithelial cells are prone to **abnormal growth or dysplasia**, which can progress to precancerous growth called?

Answer 66

Neoplasia

Question 67

one type of epithelial tissue may undergo **transformation into another type** in another **reversible process** called?

Answer 67

Metaplasia

Question 68

This side of the epithelia is **facing the sheet’s free surface**

Answer 68

Apical side

Question 69

This side of the epithelia is **facing the basement membrane** and underlying connective tissue.

Answer 69

Basal side

Question 70

Where does pinocytosis occur?

Answer 70

apical side

Question 71

Where does exocytosis occur?

Answer 71

basolateral side