Ch1

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

the scientific study of life; for asking basic questions about life and the natural world

Question 2

Atom

Answer 2

the smallest unit of matter

Question 3

Cells

Answer 3

the smallest unit of living organisms; contains genes, organelles and plasma membrane

Question 4

biosphere

Answer 4

all regions of Earth’s water, crust, and atmosphere that holds organisms

Question 5

Energy

Answer 5

capacity to do work

Question 6

metabolism

Answer 6

reactions by which cells acquire and use energy to grow, survive, and reproduce

Question 7

homeostasis

Answer 7

maintain relatively constant internal conditions

Question 8

producer

Answer 8

make their own food

Question 9

consumer

Answer 9

depend on energy stored in tissues of producers

Question 10

decomposer

Answer 10

break down remains and wastes

Question 11

unicellular

Answer 11

a single cell organism

Question 12

multicellular

Answer 12

organisms that have more than two cells

Question 13

heterotroph

Answer 13

require energy and nutrient from other organism

Question 14

autotroph

Answer 14

feed themselves; photosynthetic organisms

Question 15

hypothesis

Answer 15

tentative, unproven explanation of an observation

Question 16

variables

Answer 16

aspects of the experiement that can be changed or held constant

Question 17

control

Answer 17

all varibales held constant

Question 18

principle

Answer 18

useful generalization derived from experimental data

Question 19

theory

Answer 19

grouping of related principles

Question 20

scientific method

Answer 20

observation, hypothesis, experiment (variables vs. controls), conclusion

Question 21

prokaryotic organisms

Answer 21

singles cells, no nucleus or organelles, smaller, less complex

Question 22

eukaryotic organisms

Answer 22

single - or multi-celled, nucleus and other organelles, larger, more complex

Question 23

Domain

Answer 23

bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

Question 24

kingdom

Answer 24

protists, fungi, plantae, and animalia

Question 25

Bacteria

Answer 25

single cells, prokaryotic, most ancent lineage

Question 26

archaea

Answer 26

single cells, prokaryotic, evolutionary closer to eukaryotes

Question 27

eukarya

Answer 27

eukaryotic cells, single-celled and multi-celled species categorized as protists, plants, fungi, and animals

Question 28

What are characteristics of living things?

Answer 28

- living things are both complex and organized - living things respond to stimuli - living things maintain relatively constant internal conditions through homeostasis - living things acquire and use materials and energy - living things grow - living things reproduce themselves - living things as a whole have the capacity to evolve

Question 29

levels of organization

Answer 29

1. the biosphere 2. ecosystems 3. communities 4. populations 5. organisms 6. organs 7. tissues 8. cells 9. organelles 10. molecules

Question 30

taxonomy

Answer 30

the branch of biology that names and classifies species into groups of increasing breadth

Question 31

DNA

Answer 31

the universal genetic language common to all organisms

Question 32

genes

Answer 32

the units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring

Question 33

genome

Answer 33

entire set of genetic instructions

Question 34

genomics

Answer 34

the study of sets of genes within and between species

Question 35

bioinformatics

Answer 35

the use of computational tools to process a large volume of data

Question 36

Flow of energy

Answer 36

energy flows through an ecosystem, usually entering as light and exiting as heat - one directional

Question 37

natural selection

Answer 37

the mechanism behind "descent with modification"

Question 38

evolution

Answer 38

the process by which populations of organisms change their inherited traits over successive generations.