what are the “two kings” of cell division in eukaryotic cells called
mitosis and meiosis
what is the cell division in prokaryotic cells called
prokaryotic fission (binary fission)
mitosis
the basis of the following three processes:
1. increases in body size during growth
2. replacement of dead or worn-out cells
3. repair of damaged tissues
(in single-celled and many multicelled species, also the basis of asexual reproduction
meiosis
in single and multicelled eukaryotes, the basis of sexual reproduction; precedes gamete formation or spore formation
prokaryotic fission
in bacteria and archaeans, the basis of asexual reproduction
somatic cells
- chromosome number is diploid (2n)
- two of each type of chromosome
gametes
- chromosome number is haploid (n)
- one of each chromosome type
diploid chromosome number (2n) = ?
46
how many sets of chromosomes can from each parent
23 sets, one from father and another from mother
parts of mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
parts of interphase
G1, S, G2
where do some cells stop
they stop in interphase in G0
two mechanisms of cytokinesis in plants
- cell plate formation
- cleavage
animal cell division
a ring of microfilaments in the same plane as the spindle equator contracts, dividing the cell
what are the three mitotic controls
kinases, growth factors, checkpoint genes
chromosome
a thread-like structure in the nucleus, made up of proteins and a single molecule of DNA that carries genes
interphase
the cell grows; in preparation for cell division
chromatids
one of two identical halves of a replicated chromosome, joined at the centromere before cell division
centromere
the specialized region of a chromosome that links two sister chromatids and serves as the attachment point for spindle fibers during cell division
spindle
a network of protein fibers, primarily microtubules, that forms during cell division to separate chromosomes
cytokinesis
separation of cells into two daughter cells
pole
either of two opposing ends of an axis on a cell, embryo, or organism
cell plate
a transient structure that forms at the midpoint of a dividing plant cell during cytokinesis to become a new cell wall
tumor
abnormal mass of tissue formed when cells divide and multiply uncontrollably
