Midterm practicum

Question 1

1 kilogram (kg)

Answer 1

1,000 gram (g)

Question 2

1 meter (m)

Answer 2

100 centimeter (cm)

Question 3

1 liter (L)

Answer 3

1,000 milliliters (mL)

Question 4

metric units of temperature

Answer 4

Celsius –> Fahrenheit = multiply by 1.8 and add 32 degrees
Fahrenheit –> Celsius = subtract 32 degrees and divide by 1.8
Celsius –> Kelvin = delete degree symbol and add 273
Kelvin –> Celsius = add degree symbol and subtract 273

Question 5

metric units of length

Answer 5

1 kilometer = 1000 meters
1 meter = 100 centimeters
1 centimeter = .39 inch
1 mile = 5280 ft
1 foot = 12 inches
1 square mile (mi^2) = 640 acres
1 fathom = 6 feet

Question 6

metric units of weight

Answer 6

ounces 20.33 grams
grams .035 ounces
pounds .45 kilograms
kilograms 2.205 pounds
1 kilogram = 16 ounces (oz)

Question 7

what is a hypothesis

Answer 7

an educated guess

Question 8

What is a theory, and how is it different than a hypothesis

Answer 8

it is an explanation built on a hypothesis

Question 9

density

Answer 9

mass/volume = g/mL

Question 10

parts of the microscope

Answer 10

arm, ocular, objective, stage, focus knob, condenser, and diaphragm

Question 11

ocular

Answer 11

10x

Question 12

objective

Answer 12

4x, 10x, 40x, 100x

Question 13

compound microscope vs stereo microscope

Answer 13

compound microscope: offer very high magnification for viewing thin, transparent specimens with transmitted light
stereo microscope: provides lower magnification, 3D views of larger, opaque objects using reflected light

Question 14

preparation of a wet-mount slide

Answer 14

1. get a clean slide
2. place drop of a liquid
3. put the specimen on top of the liquid
4. position a coverslip at a 45 degree angle
5. lower and adjust the coverslip

Question 15

relationships of magnification, field of view, and field of depth

Answer 15

As magnification increases, the field of view decreases, and depth of field also decreases
As magnification decreases, the field of view increases, and depth of field increases

Question 16

ocular magnification vs total magnification

Answer 16

ocular is the power of the eyepiece, while total is the combined power of both the eyepiece and the objective lens

Question 17

electron shell model

Answer 17

1st shell = 2 electrons
2nd shell = 8 electrons
3rd shell = 16 electrons

Question 18

atomic mass

Answer 18

number of protons and neutrons in the atom

Question 19

atomic number

Answer 19

number of protons in the nucleus

Question 20

acidic

Answer 20

< 7

Question 21

basic

Answer 21

> 7

Question 22

neutral

Answer 22

7

Question 23

acid in phenolphthalein and bromothymol blue

Answer 23

phenolphthalein: colorless
bromothymol blue: yellow

Question 24

base in phenolphthalein and bromothymol blue

Answer 24

phenolphthalein: pink
bromothyemol blue: blue

Question 25

functional groups

Answer 25

the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions

Question 26

seven functional groups

Answer 26

hydroxyl group carbonyl group carboxyl group amino group sulfhydryl group phosphate group methyl group

Question 27

4 types of biological macromolecules

Answer 27

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (know their structures)

Question 28

parts of an atom

Answer 28

nucleus, proton, electron, neutron

Question 29

dehydration reactions

Answer 29

link monomers to form polymer by removing a water molecule at each bond

Question 30

hydrolysis reactions

Answer 30

breaks polymers into monomers by using a water molecule to break the covalent bond between them

Question 31

organelles of cells

Answer 31

nucleus: genetic control mitochondria: energy ribosomes: protein synthesis endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus: protein/lipid processing and transport

Question 32

difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 32

eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles while prokaryotic cells do not

Question 33

difference between animal and plant cells

Answer 33

plant cells have rigid walls, chloroplasts and a large central vacuole while animal cells don't

Question 34

why do you close on the microscope to increase contrast

Answer 34

reduces the amount of light that enters the objective lens

Question 35

Congo red

Answer 35

used to stain amyloid protein deposits in tissues

Question 36

lugol's iodine

Answer 36

a reagent for starch detection in routine laboratory and medical tests

Question 37

methylene blue

Answer 37

can be used for medical treatments and diagnostic procedures to laboratory staining and textile manufacturing

Question 38

osmosis

Answer 38

movement of water molecules from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration across a semipermeable membrane (cell wall)

Question 39

diffusion

Answer 39

happens when there is a concentration gradient, or a difference in the concentration of a substance between two areas

Question 40

passive transport

Answer 40

does not use ATP for transport

Question 41

active transport

Answer 41

uses ATP for transport

Question 42

semi-permeable membrane

Answer 42

a barrie that allows certain molecules to pass through while blocking others

Question 43

concentration gradient

Answer 43

difference in the concentration of a substance between two areas, causing it to move from an area of higher concentration to and area of lower concentration

Question 44

dialysis tubing

Answer 44

a semi-permeable membrane used in laboratory and medical settings to separate molecules based on size

Question 45

affecting factors of diffusion rate

Answer 45

concentration gradient, temperature, particle size, surface area, and diffusion distance

Question 46

why did the balloon gain weight?

Answer 46

the solution inside it is hypertonic (has a higher concentration of solutes) compared to the solution outside

Question 47

tonicity effect

Answer 47

the impact a solution has on a cell's volume due to the net movement of water across the cell membrane