Chapter 10

Question 1

agricultural revolution

Answer 1

• started in England and Holland
• enclosure movement
• crop rotation

Question 2

enclosure movement

Answer 2

privatized land formerly available to everyone

-basically landownership in fewer hands

Question 3

causes of the industrial revolution

Answer 3

• population growth (small pox vaccination)
• encouragement of investment
• strong central banking
• additional markets in colonial system
• free trade in Europe
• abundant capital

Question 4

outcomes of the industrial revolution

Answer 4

• impoverishment of domestic weavers (family economy and putting out system)
• factory life instead of putting out system
• poor housing
• improvement of housing after 1840s

Question 5

romanticisim

Answer 5

• Gothic
• irrational feelings
• traditional views
• response to rationalism (enlightenment)
• response to rationalism and terror of french revolution
• response to ugliness of IR

Question 6

characteristics of romantism

Answer 6

-sincerity, authentiicy and toleration (french revolution)
-value emotion and religion
-mysticism
-harmony with nature (not control, IR)
-past history
-nationalism
worship of nature
folklore, folk song
-against materialism
-pantheism
-past (Greek and medieval)

Question 7

pantheism

Answer 7

great force in nature with God

Question 8

Rousseau

Answer 8

natural education

• individuality (emotion instead of science)
• social contract

Question 9

kant

Answer 9

reconcile enlightened rationalism with human freedom, immortality and God

Question 10

goethe

Answer 10

deep spiritual feelings
improvement of man kind
reason cannot save us

Question 11

Alexander I

Answer 11

• tsar during Napoleonic war
• initially interested in limited reforms
• becomes more conservative after defeat of napoleon

Question 12

Nicholas I

Answer 12

• come to power after decembrist uprisings

- reactionary conservative

Question 13

decembrist uprisings

Answer 13

Alexander’s brother Constantine was supposed to be king, but then Nichols became king
this caused military leaders to rebel against Nicholas
-these leaders were expsoed to liberal ideas

Question 14

Carlsbad decrees

Answer 14

suppressed student liberalism and nationalism in Austria

Question 15

great Britain from 1740-1848

Answer 15

• there were problems with the voting distribution and rotten boroughs
• there was also the problem of the corn laws
• many people protested against this (peter loo massacre)
• then the government started to reform (repeal of corn laws)
• reform act of 1832

Question 16

peter loo massacre

Answer 16

during 1740-1848

people protested against corn laws

Question 17

France in 1815

Answer 17

• Louis XVIII restored (moderate)
• Charles X came into power
• he was extremely conservationist
• led to July revolution
• then Louis Philippe was brought into power by working class and upper middle class
• this was a consitioanl monarchy

Question 18

Louis XVIII

Answer 18

restored after congress of Vienna

• moderate reformer
• kept napoleon’s laws intact

Question 19

overall revolutions of 1830

Answer 19

• Belgium = yay! (nationalism)
• Poland = no! (nationalism) (russian control)
• Italy = no! (nationalism) (carbonari) (suppressed by Austria)
• french = meh! (Louis Philippe)

Question 20

liberalism

Answer 20

• rationalism and freedom of individual
• constitutional, limited monarchy
• dislike hereditary privileges
• constitutions
• distrust of religious organizations
• secular state
• free speech and press
• laissez faire
• not FULL democracy

Question 21

reform act of 1832

Answer 21

• reaction to boroughs problem
• created new districts representing heavily urban areas
• it only included one in 5 males allowing to vote
• doubled number of votes

Question 22

john stuart mill

Answer 22

classical liberalism (equal rights, women)

Question 23

nationalism beliefs

Answer 23

• common history
• historic geographical area
• common language
• common religion
• shared culture
• common enemies

Question 24

corn laws

Answer 24

put taxes on corn

repealed in 1740-148

Question 25

characteristics of first industrial revolution

Answer 25

- textile industry - steam engine - railroad - coal - iron

Question 26

second industrial revolution

Answer 26

- Germany - chemicals - steel (no more iron) - electricity instead of steam - oil (no more coal) - big companies - working conditions improve (worker parties, trade unions and socialist parties)

Question 27

T.R. Malthus

Answer 27

- food production instead arithmetic rate (slower) | - unchecked population at geometric rate

Question 28

David ricardo

Answer 28

raising wages, buy more food, more kids, over supply of workers - fewer workers raised wages - keep wages as low as possible

Question 29

Utopian socialism

Answer 29

- must emphasize needs of community over themselves - redistribution of wealth through agency of state was necessary to create more workable societies - argued to how to this (democratically em-pose taxes or kill all rich people

Question 30

saint simon

Answer 30

private wealth should be put under greater administrative control socailist

Question 31

anarchism

Answer 31

revolutionary alternative to evolutionary socialism

Question 32

marxism

Answer 32

- class struggle - capitalism gave triumph to industrialization - but capitalism also concentrates resources into fewer hands until the proletariat would overthrow the rich in a bloody revolution - society then could be reordered and eliminate the spirit of competition - history would cease since class struggle would no longer be necessary