Edward VI
encouraged protestant theology
Mary I
restored Catholicism and married Philip II of Spain (Charles V’s son)
Elizabeth I
- politique
- balanced Catholicism and protest ism (Anglican church)
- placed political necessities above personal beliefs
- defeated Philip II’s armada
- Mary Queen of Scots
- supported the dutch revolt against the Spanish
Philip II of Spain
wife of Mary I
tried to overthrow Anglicanism with Armada but failed
Mary Queen of Scots
tried to kill Elizabeth I so she could become queen
edit of nantes
Henry IV
-granted toleration to Calvinism
Henry IV
… of Navarre
- “Paris is worth a mass”
- four (IV) christian baguettes!
st. Bartholomew day massacre
massacre of catholics
El escorial
a monastery Philip II of Spain made
Philip II
- …of Spain
- wanted to suppress Protestantism in the Netherlands, but failed
- in the end, William of orange (the silent) created the united provinces in the northern half of the low countries
- he defeated the Turks though (battle of lepanto)
William the Orange (silent)
- created the united provinces in the northern half of the low countries
- he defeated the Turks though
- PROTESTANT
politiques
- a ruler who puts their politics before religion
- Henry IV of Navarre
- William the orange
- Elizabeth I
the 30 years war
- Austria wanted to spread Catholicism
- but France didn’t want Austria to get powerful, so they allied themselves with protestant princes
- begins in Bohemia with defenestration of Prague (throwing out the window of Hapsburg officials)
- HRE is on a roll in the beginning
- but Sweden comes in starts winning
- Swedish king dies and France comes in and wins!
- peace of Westphalia ends it
treaty of westphalia
- Calvinism is recognized as equal with Catholicism and Lutheranism
- Austria is separate from HRE
- united provinces was recognized as a Protestant state
- Sweden gained territory
- France was the victor
- Germany lost a lot of control and fragmented
- Brandenburg-Prussia is the leading Lutheran power in North Germany
- Germany’s economy and population is horrible
Dias
rounded cape of good hope , went to inda
treaty of tordesillas
divided the world between Spain and Portugal, (Spain gets most of south america)
outcomes of age of expansion
- price rises (more gold and silver)
- commercial revolution
- domestic system
- mercantilism
commercial revolution
- changes in investment and production
- inflation
- before, the economy was based on guilds and towns
- now, a new nation centered system replaced it
- joint-stock companies (capital)
- bankers and merchants
- new entrepreneurs
- domestic or putting out system
domestic system
-in order to avoid strict guild regulations
mercantilism
- export more than you can import
- accumulate as much gold and silver as possible
- increase national revenue by increasing national wealth
joint-stock companies
- investors bought shares of ownership
- a lot of capital was needed so they did this
who were the new monarchs
- henry VII of england
- louis XI of france
- ferdinand and isabella of spain
- ivan IV of russia
new monarchs
-increasing royal power at expense of nobility and church
expand royal control over military
create independent sources of revenues (taxes, inquisition
-extend control over church
-extend control over nobility
henry VII
star chamber used justices of peace to extend royal authority tinto local shires encouraged wool industry expanded english merchant marine new monarch
