long term causes of WWI
- Bismark created alliances that kept the balance of power
- gradual collapse of the ottoman empire
- Austro-Hungarian empire not wanting Slavs to get unity
- Germany is scared of Russia
- people scared of Germany getting big
- Kaiser William II
- french wanting to getting revenge for Franco-Prussian war
- Russia hating Austria for Crimean war and annex of Bosnia
- Italy mad about irrendenta which is controlled by Austria
- Russia and Austria wanted the Balkans
short terms causes of WWI
- Germany issued blank check
- Russia (supporting Serbia) threatens to mobilize
- Germany demands halt to Russian mobilization, but refuses
- Germany had Schrieffen plan
- Germany invade Belgium
- Austria invade Serbia
- Russia invade Germany and Austria
blank check
“i’ll give you my support now matter what”
triple alliance
Germany, Austria, italy
Entente Cordiale
France and Russia
Triple Entente
France, Britain, Russia
Central Powers
Germany, Austria, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
Allies
France, British, Russia, Belgium, Serbia, Romania, Italy, Portugal, Japan, USA
neutrals in WWI
Scandinavia, Holland, Spain, Switzerland
battle of Marne
- towards the end of the war
- the British and french stopped the Germans coming into paris
battle of jutland
- Germany and British fought each other’s naval force
- Germany won
treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Russia said they wouldn’t participate in WWI
-lost land
Tsar Nicholas II
- embarrassed by Russo-Japanese war
- bloody Sunday
- fought int he front of the war
the causes of the Russian revolution
- Tsar Nicholas II went to take personal command of his army and left his life in charge
- Rasputin
- workers in factories want radical change
- food crisis in st. Peters burg (women’s march) (march revolution)
- Tsar abdicate
- provisional government created by Kerensky and continued to fight against Germany
- Bolshevik overthrow Kerensky (October revolution)
Alexandra
wife of tsar Nicholas II
-took orders from rasputin
kerensky
created provisional government in Russia
outcomes of Russian Revolution
- Romanov monarchy and provisional government overthrow
- Brest-Litovsk
fourteen points
- self determination
- open diplomacy
- freedom of sea
- reduction of national armaments
- return of Alsace-Lorraine to France
- independent Poland
- self determination
- league of nations
treaty of versailles
- Alsace and Lorraine was given to France
- Poland was recreated and got some German land called the polish corridor
- a new state of Czechoslovakia
- Sudetenland was given to a new country
- Hungary was an independent state
- Yugoslavia was created (no self-determination)
- mandates created from Germany’s territories
- Germany became a republic
- Ottoman empire was gone
- Romanian was doubled
- Bulgaria was reduced
- Austria-Hungary were separate
- Serbs dominate Yugoslavia
- Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania emerged
outcomes of WWI
- the Hapsburg monarchy disappeared
- old landed elites collapsed
- Victorian morality was abandoned and sexual mores loosened (honor)
- total war
- economic dislocation (loans, tariffs)
- labor unions gained support
- all quiet on the western front
