causes of the collapse of communism
-Russia stagnated
-Russian birthrate was declining
-ethnic minorities was rising
-detente
-conquered people were pressing for freedom
-war in Afghanistan was unsuccessful
-cost of competing with western military technologies
-middle class were mad at being excluded from decision making
-central planning wasn’t good
-
gorbachez
- reforms (glasnost)
- perestroika
- still believed in communism
outcomes of the collapse of communism
- Russia went towards democracy and free market
- Gorbachev ousted
- Baltic state independent
- radical decline in standard of living
- USA only superpower
which countries became free after the collapse of communism
-Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, and Poland become free
which states became independent after Yugoslavia broke apart
Croatia Slovenia Macedonia Bosnia-Herzegovina Kosovo
tony blair
- labor party
- renounced socialism as fundamental principle of party
- devolution (parliament for Scotland and wales)
- tamed the north Irish crisis
- wanted great integration with Europe
mitterrand
moderate reformer
socialist
worked on European integraiton
putin
reforms
right to buy and sell agricultural land
no free press
committed nationalist
kohl
organizes reunification
Italy after the fall of communism
- christian democrats continue to be in power
- this was until other offices gained power (center-right present government)
Germany after the fall of communism
- kohl
- east Germany’s economy is bad!
- they charted a independent foreign policy (no EU)
Yugoslavia after the fall of communism
- ethnic clash emerged
- worst fighting in Bosnia
- Milosevic fostered trouble until the overthrow after NATO bombing
milosevic
Serbian leader in Yugoslavia
present problems
- right wing resurgence (neo-nazi)
- intense terrorism in basque region of Spain and northern Ireland
