James I
- daughter of Mary queen of Scots
- start of Stuart dynasty
- believed royal authority came from God
- thought Presbyterian system would destroy royal control over the church (basically support Anglican church, didn’t like puritans)
Charles I
- son of James I
- executed
- civil war in England
- believed royal authority came from God
- as seen as sympathetic to Catholics in Ireland and has a Catholic wife (maybe going back to Catholicism)
- basically support Anglican church, didn’t like puritans
purtians
protestants in Anglican church (Calvinists)
causes of civil war in england
- monarchs could get enough taxes
- large debt left by Elizabethan
- the church of England then had bishops playing an important role
- parliament (puritans) wanted to reform the church of England in favor of a Presbyterian model (presbyters instead of bishops played a role)
- parliament tried to force the monarch to accept policies in exchange for income because they were scared of absolutism and Catholicism
- Charles I was seen as sympathetic to Catholics in Ireland and has a Catholic wife (maybe going back to Catholicism)
- Irish and Scottish people are mad because the archbishop tried to impose the prayer book on the -Presbyterian church
events in civil war in england
- Scots invade
- the parliament limited royal powers, but the king crossed the line by arresting some members
- Charles rallied supporters against parliament
- Charles I executed
- Cromwell
cavaliers
royalists
-favored strong monarchy and Anglican church governed by bishops
roundheads
parliament
- puritans, people from Presbyterian dominated areas
- favored parliamentary monarchy and Presbyterian church
- Cromwell was in it
Oliver Cromwell
-established the commonwealth
-monarchy and house of lords was abolished
-parliament was ignored
-country ruled by dictatorship enforced by military rule
-puritan restrictions on art entertainment
crushed an uprising in Ireland and replaced Catholics with protestants
-they defeated the dutch
-levelers (radicals) were opposed
-Anglican church was restored as state church
James II
- wanted to restored Catholicism in England (treated catholic Irish nicely)
- William of orange and Mary of Netherlands were asked to overthrow James II
Glorious Revolution
-Cromwell died
-MONARCH was restored (Charles II)
-James II succeed Charles II
-William of orange and Mary of Netherlands were asked to overthrow James II because James II wanted to restored Catholicism in England (treated catholic Irish nicely)
-all future monarchs must be Protestant
-no more divine right
-Bill of rights
-constitutional monarchy
-
bill of rights
- taxation and laws required parliamentary consent
- monarch can’t be roman catholic
- laws could only be made with consent of parliament
- parliament hold frequent sessions
- parliament could be dissolved only by its own consent
- standing armies only allowed with parliament’s consent
Louis XIII
- son of Henry of Navarre
- appointed cardinal Richelieu
cardinal Richelieu
- wanted to enhance royal power
- politique
- determined to weaken nobility (intendant system)
Fronde
- nobles of the French tried to reassert their authority but failed
- Louis XIV was forced to leave
- this happened when cardinal Mazarin was in power
Louis XIV
- appointed Colbert
- absolutist monarch
- revocated the edict of Nantes, causing many Huguenots to leave
- wanted to combine french and Spanish empires
- he wanted to create a universal monarchy by going into the Netherlands (fail) Spain (fail) and HRE (fail)
Bishop Bossuet
-supported absolutist rule (Louis XIV)
Colbert
- mercantilism
- Louis XIV
- no domestic taxes, but high taxes on goods coming in are okay.
- colonies are important
- he made the economy a little better, but not enough
- build canals, improved roads, state sponsored enterprises
War of Spanish Succession
- Louis XIV placed his grandson (Philip V) on the Spanish throne
- people were scared that a universal monarchy would be created
- treaty of Utrecht
- -great Britain is becoming a big power
treaty of utrecht
- Philip V was allowed to be king of Spain as long as the thrones of Spain and France are not united
- England got Gibraltar
- savoy got Sardinia
- Austria got Spanish Netherlands and Italian states
- elector of Brandenburg is king (Prussia)
- dutch is declining as a great power
- great Britain is becoming a big power
Presbyterian
had presbyters instead of bishops playing an important governing role
levelers
wanted vote for all householders annual parliamentary elections woman's equality government programs to care for poor suppressed by cromwell
