Comptia A+ Core 2 > Chapter 11 Install, Upgrade, OSs > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Install, Upgrade, OSs Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the minimum RAM requirement to install and run Windows 11?

A

4 GB

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2
Q

Aside from an optical disc, which storage device is best for creating portable bootable media from an ISO image?

A

USB Flash Drive

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3
Q

How can a user access the contents of an ISO file without first creating bootable media?

A

Mount the ISO file

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4
Q

Windows can be deployed on multiple machines across a network simultaneously through the use of a preconfigured copy of a disk known as a/an:

A

Image deployment

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5
Q

A technician needs what to complete the post-installation tasks for a Windows installation?

A

Motherboard Drivers

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6
Q

Which task does Windows perform during an installation?

A

Install a basic video driver, all other tasks are post instalation

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7
Q

Some editions of Linux can run as a ______, which allows you to fully utilize the operating system without having to first install it.

A

live CD.

A live CD allows a user to run an operating system for any purpose without having to install any software to make any changes to a system’s configuration.

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8
Q

Windows 11 Basic Requirments

A

Processor - 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster with 2 or more cores on a 64-bit processor
RAM - 4 gigabytes (GB)
Storage - 64 GB or larger storage device.
System firmware - UEFI, Secure Boot capable.
Trusted Platform Module (TPM) version 2.0.
Graphics card - Compatible with DirectX 12 or later
Display - High definition (720p) display that is greater than 9” diagonally

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9
Q

TPM 2.0

A

rusted Platform Module (TPM) version 2.0 - when enabled, on boot up, sends code to unlock OS

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10
Q

Secure Boot

A

prevents unapproved software from running during startup. Verifies digital signature of boot components. Must be enabled in UEFI/BIOS settings.

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11
Q

Windows Home Edition Max Memory Limit

A

128 GB of memory

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12
Q

Windows Pro/Enterprise Edition Max Memory Limit

A

2 TB of memory

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13
Q

BitLocker

A

Encrypts entire drive for full data protection. Only available on Windows Pro or greater editions

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14
Q

Workgroup

A

All computers in the network are equal and no one computer has control over the others. Usually fewer than 20 computers. Each individual computer requires an individual log in credentials for each user.

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15
Q

Domain

A

At least one of the computers on the network is a server. Typically have 2 or more servers. Users log in at any node on the domain to access the network resources. Administration is centralized.

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16
Q

Windows Upgrade

A

Replacing the OS with another version. I.E. Windows 10 to Windows 11

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17
Q

Windows Update

A

Patches, improvements to existing version

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18
Q

In-Place Upgrade

A

Makes a copy of settings, installs new OS, and reapplies settings.

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19
Q

Clean Install

A

Doesn’t copy and data from device. complete format

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20
Q

ISO image

A

A perfect copy of what was originally optical media.

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21
Q

Booting from a Thumb Drive

A

An ISO image can be saved to a thumb drive making it a bootable media. This is a common modern practice for installing OS.

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22
Q

How to mount an ISO file and why

A

Right click, choose mount. Shows files one the ISO

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23
Q

Boot over a network services

A

allows computers to boot and install operating systems or other software over a network connection.

Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) [Windows]and Apple NetBoot [MacOS].

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24
Q

PXE

A

Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) is a network-based booting solution that allows computers to boot and install operating systems or other software over a network connection, without the need for local storage devices like hard drives or USB sticks. This method is particularly useful in environments where managing and deploying software to multiple machines is required, such as data centers, educational institutions, and large enterprises.

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25
Apple NetBoot
Apple's NetBoot technology is a network-based booting solution that allows multiple Macintosh computers to boot from a single disk image hosted on a server. This technology is particularly useful for managing large networks, especially in educational and enterprise environments, by providing a centralized method for deploying macOS and software configurations across multiple machines.
26
WinRE
Windows Recovery Environment. Allows you to create a copy of windows onto a storage media. Can use to fix windows OS.
27
Internet Boot
System with internet connection can boot from the internet. Info is store and retrieved from internet.
28
PC Health Check
Allows you to see if PC meets requirements for Windows 11.
29
Remote Installation
Allows for installing upgrades or updates from a remote location
30
ZTI
Zero-Touch Installation. Configuration or deployment of systems without being in person. Configure remote devices from a centralized location.
31
Repair or Recovery Install
Keeps installed data and repairs current OS
32
Image Deployment
Send a storage device across network to a pc. Allows deploy windows quickly without having to do each individual machine.
33
Post-Installation Tasks
Device manager look for errors and update drivers. Modify windows update settings. Make a recovery disk/partition. Restore point snapshot. Check Windows built in Antimalware + Fire wall is all on. Windows File History to back up files.
34
"ls" command linux
List command. Lists the content of a directory, files or folders
35
"ls -L" command linux
Shows detailed info about each file in the current directory
36
What does the first dash indicate? -rw- --e r-- 1 2641264640
The first character in the string tells you what kind of item you are looking at. - is a regular file or script. D means directory
37
What does the "rw-" dash indicate? -rw- --e r-- 1 2641264640
The first segment of three letters displays the permissions that the active user has in regards to the item. In this example, they can read the file, and write the file, but can't execute it.
38
What does the "r--e" dash indicate? -rw- --e r-- 1 2641264640
The second segment of three letters displays the permissions for the user group. In this example, the user group can execute the file or script, but not read or write to it.
39
What does the "r---" dash indicate? -rw- --e r-- 1 2641264640
The third segment of three letters displays the permissions for everyone outside the active user and the user group. In this case the users outside the active user group can only read the file.
40
What does the "1" after the string of letters indicate? -rw- --e r-- 1 2641264640
How many links or allices point to that file.
41
What does the "2641264640" after the 1 indicate? -rw- --e r-- 1 2641264640
File Size.
42
Root/Super User Account [Linux]
Administrator for a linux system.
43
sudo command [Linux]
The sudo command in Linux stands for "Super User DO" and is used to execute commands with elevated privileges. It allows a user with proper permissions to perform administrative tasks without logging in as the root user. This is similar to the "Run as Administrator" feature in Windows.
44
pwd command [Linux]
Presently Working Directory. Shows full path of current directory.
45
chmod command [Linux]
Change mode. Modify permissions on a file
46
chmod u=rx fileB command [Linux]
Allows user to read and execute fileB and removes write permissions.
47
chmod u+w fileB command [Linux]
adds write permissions to fileB for designated user. Does not remove any permissions.
48
chown totsem fileB command [Linux]
Change owner. Changes owner from current ownter to totsem as owner.
49
mv fileD /home/totsem command [Linux]
moves file from original location to totsem home.
50
cp fileA fileE command [Linux]
makes a copy of fileA and names the copy fileE
51
rm fileF command [Linux]
removes fileF.
52
grep "abcde" file* command [Linux]
Search every file that has "file" in its name for abcde.
53
find /home/totsem - type f -name "*.txt" command [Linux]
looks for files in the specified directory with txt in the name
54
fsck command [Linux]
File system check. Verify and repair file system issues. File system must be unmounted.
55
mount command [Linux]
Shows currently connected devices
56
Package management [Linux]
how you install, update, and remove applications in linux.
57
Packages [Linux]
Services, utilities, and groups of related commands or functions are knows as packages.
58
apt [Linux]
Advanced Package Tool. used in Debian/Unbuntu. manages update, remove packages
59
dnf [Linux]
Dandified YUM. Used in Fedora/Redhat/CentOS. Manages, updates, removes packages
60
sudo apt update command [Linux]
fetches a list of avaliable updates
61
sudo apt install nano command [Linux]
installs nano text editor
62
sudo apt upgrade command [Linux]
installs avaliable updates
63
sudo apt remove nano command [Linux]
Removes nano text editor
64
top command [Linux]
Real time processes. displays everything currently running and updates in real time.
65
ps command [Linux]
shows active processes. ps aux shows more details ps -a shows all applications
66
du command [Linux]
disk usage. tells you how much space files and directories are using.
67
df command [Linux]
shows remaning disk space left.
68
Nano [Linux]
simple begginer friendly text editor/command line tool.
69
Vim [Linux
more advanced text editor
70
traceroute command [Linux]
shows packet pathway
71
dig command [Linux]
shows DNS information
72
ping command [Linux]
test reachability
73
curl command [Linux]
data transfer
74
ip command [Linux]
manage interfaces.
75
systemd [Linux]
manages services. after kernel has booted, manages systems, services, keeps everything running.
76
kernel [Linux]
Core OS bridge. Bootware hardware communication.
77
bootloader (GRUB)
Will load the kernel
78
/etc/password command [Linux]
stores basic info about user accounts
79
/etc/shadow command [Linux]
root users only. Stores encrypted passwords
80
/etc/hosts command [Linux]
maps IP addresses with host names without using DNS
81
/etc/fstab command [Linux]
defines where and how file systems are mounted during boot.
82
/etc/resolv.conf command [Linux]
configures DNS server linux uses to resolve domain names to IP addresses/
83
Upgrading MacOS
Apple top right -> System settings -> General -> Software update. Don't have to go to latest version of OS. under "also available" might be security updates for current version.
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