Chapter 20: Operating System Networking and Network Troubleshooting

Question 1

DNS

Answer 1

Domain Name System. A hierarchical and distributed naming system that translates domain names (like www.example.com) into IP addresses (like 192.0.2.1), allowing browsers to load Internet resources. It acts as the “phonebook of the Internet,” enabling users to access websites using human-readable names

Question 2

Alternate DNS Server

Answer 2

If you are having DNS issues set alternate DNS server to 8.8.8.8 or 8.8.4.4 (google public DNS servers) if you can connect your DNS server has an issue.

Question 3

ns lookup

Answer 3

shows DNS server IP Address. type in web adress if you get a response DNS server is good. If you get time out message DNS server isn’t functional.

Question 4

Every widows system is a member of _____________

Answer 4

Every widows system is either a member of a work group or active directory domain.

Question 5

Workgroup vs Active directory Domain

Answer 5

Workgroup is the most basic type of networking organization. No security, no central administration, old fashioned, but works perfectly fine for small networks.

Active Directory Domain Requires windows server system. Provide incredible security, substantial central administration, very expensive, enterprises

Question 6

Net BIOS/Net BEUI

Answer 6

Original methodology by which Microsoft shared stuff.

Net BIOS - Naming system 15 characters

Net BEUI - What did communication and created connections between systems

Question 7

Net BT

Answer 7

Net BIOS over TCP/IP (Net BT) - Got rid of Net BEUI stuff and started using IP Addresses, but kepy naming convention

Question 8

CIFS

Answer 8

Common Internet File System - is a network file-sharing protocol that allows applications to read and write to files and request services from server programs in a computer network.

Question 9

SMB

Answer 9

Server Message Block - is a network file sharing protocol that enables applications and users to read, write, and request services from devices and servers on a network. It facilitates file sharing, printer sharing, and network browsing, and operates over TCP/IP protocols.

Question 10

Samba

Answer 10

Linux & macOS version of SMB protocol.

Question 11

whoami command

Answer 11

tells you what user you are currently logged in as.

Question 12

Sharing within a work group

Answer 12

Right click folder -> share with “specific people” -> Everyone -> Change permissions to “read/write”

Best practice says give everyone read/write permissions and use NTFS protocol to place restrictions.

Question 13

Active Directory Requires:

Answer 13

Domain controller (dedicated server) and windows server system.

Question 14

Domain Accounts

Answer 14

Login credentials stored within the domain server rather than locally on any one computer.

Question 15

OUs

Answer 15

Organizational units - Container that helps organize groups and users. Folders that network admins use to organize groups and users.

Question 16

Active directory users & computers

Answer 16

program used on the directory server in the domain to enable, delete, and modify users and groups.

Question 17

Adding new computers to domain

Answer 17

Can be added in the active directory users & computers application, but more commonly you will simply go to the new computer and change it from workgroup to domain.

Question 18

Domain Admin

Answer 18

Has authority to add any computer to domain. Has top authority to modify the Domain. Extremely powerful user.

Question 19

Groups

Answer 19

very useful for security purposes. Put users into groups. Helpful for adding rules to groups making new employee enrollment easier.

Question 20

Domain Accounts Perks

Answer 20

Allow single sign-on at any device in domain. Share base on domain accounts.

Question 21

LAN Manager

Answer 21

Sharing methodology Microsoft original.

Question 22

Unbuntu sharing via built in Samba

Answer 22

Settings -> sharing -> toggle on. Files -> other locations -> Shares files here.

Question 23

Apple sharing via built in Samba

Answer 23

Apple System Preferences -> make sure user appears as it does in domain -> sharing -> file sharing change to on -> options “share files & folders using SMB”

Question 24

net command

Answer 24

shows all net commands you can use

Question 25

net view command

Answer 25

shows all computers on a network

Question 26

net view [PC Name] command

Answer 26

can see what specified pc is sharing

Question 27

net share {sharename}={pathway to desired share object}

Answer 27

Makes the specified object shared on the network

Question 28

net share

Answer 28

shows what you are sharing on the network.

Question 29

net use v: \\mike10PC\mike

Answer 29

makes a map to the shared folder

Question 30

Net user

Answer 30

shows users on the system

Question 31

net user [name] [password] /add

Answer 31

adds a user

Question 32

net user [name] /delete

Answer 32

remove user

Question 33

Routers

Answer 33

devices that filter and forward traffic based on IP addresses and connect systems on a LAN

Question 34

console port or serial port

Answer 34

have to use a cord in this port into a computer than use a terminal to configure switch

Question 35

DB-9 Connector

Answer 35

has 5 dots along the top 4 along bottom and forms a trapezoid

Question 36

Yost cable or rollover cable

Answer 36

A rollover cable (also known as a Yost cable, Cisco cable, or a console cable) is a type of null-modem cable that is used to connect a computer terminal to a network appliance's console port. Db-( on one end and RJ-45 looking adapter on other end. CISCO framework.

Question 37

SoHo

Answer 37

Small office Home office (SoHo) - common house hold router.

Question 38

First step when setting up a SoHo Router

Answer 38

Change default username and password as soon as possible.

Question 39

Access router

Answer 39

Find the default gateway, use the default gateway IP address in your web browser. Opens an interface with router.

Question 40

DHCP Exclusions

Answer 40

IP addresses outside the scope provided by the DHCP server or are reserved by the server. Addresses on this list will not be given out dynamically.

Question 41

DHCP Server configuration

Answer 41

A static IP can be set on the router if needed or if it is provided by the internet service provider (ISP). DHCP servers must be configured to hand out a pool (or scope) of IP addresses.

Question 42

Time Zone (Router)

Answer 42

You want to ensure your router is on the same time zone as you. in web browser on router interface: System settings -> Time settings -> check routers time zone

Question 43

Diagnostics (Router)

Answer 43

Under the diagnostics section in the web browser on router interface you can check for firmware updates or upgrades. performing these tends to fix lots of problems.

Question 44

Administration (Router)

Answer 44

Change usernames and passwords on router.

Question 45

Local Management (Router)

Answer 45

When on allows anyone connected to LAN who knows router IP address to access it via browser.

Question 46

Remote Management (Router)

Answer 46

How you get to your router on the WAN side. don't turn this on. opens your router up to too much unnecessary risk.

Question 47

Firewall

Answer 47

Blocks traffic based on specified criteria.

Question 48

ACL

Answer 48

Access control list. Limit access to something at a given time or under certain conditions.

Question 49

Principle of Lease Privelage

Answer 49

Only give people enough so they can do what they need to do.

Question 50

Deny and allow lists

Answer 50

Also called Black and white list. Black/Deny list: Blocks all the specified IP addresses in this list. White/Allow list: You can ONLY go to these IP addresses.

Question 51

Stateless firewall

Answer 51

I don't care what's going on I'm going to block this IP address/port number.

Question 52

Stateful firewall

Answer 52

If someone asks to go to a webpage that's fine, but if someone asks to go to a webpage 15 times in a short period firewall will step in in response.

Question 53

Access Policy

Answer 53

set up one policy that defines a port number, time of day, etc. firewalls can be configured to block specific ports and applications

Question 54

DMZ

Answer 54

Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) or screen subnet. Anything that comes from the internet send it to on particular system. Dangerous shouldn't do this.

Question 55

Real DMZ

Answer 55

Your private LAN is separated from your public facing LAN, Webservers or File servers. your private network is behind a separate router with a much more aggressive firewall.

Question 56

Network Edge Firewall

Answer 56

Found in router can stop ports and addresses

Question 57

Host Firewall

Answer 57

Found on the operating system

Question 58

Windows Defender Firewall

Answer 58

Windows OS Host based firewall. Control panel -> windows defender firewall.

Question 59

Exception (firewall)

Answer 59

When you allow a program or port to have in-bound or out-bound permissions

Question 60

Port Forwarding

Answer 60

Your NAT router is going to be looking for a specific port number and send it where you specify. Useful for when you want to access a device you own that is sitting behind a WAN Router.

Question 61

QoS

Answer 61

Quality of Service (QoS) - a tool set that allows you to meter how much bandwidth a device uses.

Question 62

UPnP

Answer 62

Universal Plug & Play (UPnP) - Makes device more visible in networking environment.

Question 63

SMNP

Answer 63

Simple Network Management Protocol (SMNP) - to see much more intense details on devices on the network.

Question 64

SoHo Routers: Service Access Management

Answer 64

Implementing a policy of strong and completely unique passwords Enabling Firewall settings Disabling or highly limiting remote management access

Question 65

Managed vs Unmanaged Switch

Answer 65

Unmanaged Switch is cheaper, you plug into it and it does its job, but can configure it. cheaper. Managed switch is more expensive, but allows for configuration

Question 65

How to Manage a switch

Answer 65

Find out how it gets it's IP Address, type IP address into web browser, configuration screen should open.

Question 66

Guest Network

Answer 66

Provides a separate and isolated Wi-Fi Connection from your primary network.

Question 66

VLANs

Answer 66

Virtual LANs - takes one physical switch and turns it into multiple LANs electronically

Question 67

Can a computer on VLAN 1 and VLAN 2 communicate?

Answer 67

No. A computer plugged into VLAN 1 and another plugged into VLAN 2 will act as if they were on two totally different LANs despite the fact they are plugged into the same switch.

Question 68

Port Security

Answer 68

You tell the switch to memorize the MAC address of every device currently plugged in. If any new device plugs into the switch it will disable the port or notify admin.

Question 69

SDN

Answer 69

Software Defined Networking (SDN) - separates control plane from data plane on networking devices. Devices controlled by central server or device. provides dynamic scaleability.

Question 70

What is the maximum number of characters in an FQDN?

Answer 70

Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDs) - can have up to 255 characters, including dots.

Question 71

Which is not a type of Windows firewall? -Domain -Enterprise -Private -Public

Answer 71

Enterprise is not a type of windows firewall.

Question 72

Which exposes a LAN host to the Internet?

Answer 72

A demilitarized zone (DMZ) exposes a LAN host to the internet. A firewall blocks access to and from the internet. SMB is a file and print sharing protocol that works within a single network. A whitelist is a type of access control list (ACL)