Comptia A+ Core 2 > Chapter 21: Wireless Networking > Flashcards

Chapter 21: Wireless Networking Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

IEEE 802.11 Standard

A

Been around for about 20 years. The primary way wireless devices communicate.

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2
Q

WAP

A

Wireless access point (WAP) - Bridge between an ethernet network and a wireless 802.11 network. WAP has one ethernet connector.

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3
Q

Wireless Home Router

A

Has antennas and a lot more connectors since it acts as a router, switch, and wireless access point in one device.

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4
Q

Infrastructure model

A

A system where 802.11 network is comprised of many WAPs.

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5
Q

Wireless Network Card

A

Old versions snap in & have an antenna attached. Can also be in a USB stick. Some computers have wireless built in.

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6
Q

Laptop wireless antennas

A

Laptop wireless antennas are usually run around the monitor. Important for A+ test.

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7
Q

SSID

A

Service Set Identifier (SSID) - name of a wireless network

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8
Q

Ad hoc mode

A

No WAP. when a computer/laptop acts as a wireless access point for other devices.

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9
Q

Antennas

A

Send/receive signal. used to access wireless connection.

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10
Q

Omni-Directional Antenna

A

One piece of metal that sticks straight up. makes a fuzzy ball shape signal.

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11
Q

Dipole Antenna

A

Two omni-directional antennas pointing in opposite directions. Big flat circular signal.

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12
Q

Patch Antenna

A

Flat looking antenna. Propagates in one direction. Half of a big fuzzy ball pattern.

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13
Q

Yagi Antenna

A

Highly directional. A really long football shape. usually have two of these pointed at each other for long throws.

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14
Q

Parabolic

A

Very very long highly directional throws

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15
Q

Site Survey

A

A tool which can show details on wifi networks running in the area.

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16
Q

WAP Channel best practices

A

Best practice is to have the WAP set the channels automatically

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17
Q

Comptia A+ and SSID security

A

Comptia A+ wants you to turn off SSID name broadcast for security.

In reality this doesn’t help much, but comptia says it does so remember for the test.

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18
Q

Transmit power

A

500 ml watts typical router usage. if your home has dead spots, you can increase the power. If it is stretching further than you like you can decrease the power.

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19
Q

Which is not a wireless encryption standard?

WEP

WPA

WEP2

WPA2

A

WEP2 never existed. The others are all wireless encryption schemes.

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20
Q

Which should you try first if your device can’t connect to a remembered public wireless network?

A

Delete the profile and try to make a new connection.

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21
Q

If you spot a WAP on the ceiling of a large room with no obvious power outlet nearby, how is it most likely powered?

A

PoE - Power of Ethernet is a common way to provide power to a WAP.

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22
Q

Who can read data between devices and wireless access point?

A

Anyone with a radio receiver can read data between devices and a wireless access point. Just radio waves.

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23
Q

Which is most likely to prevent a device from connecting to a previously used Wi-Fi network?

The atenna(s) are poorly oriented.

The SSID has changed

Too many devices are accessing the WAP

The WAP is disconnected from the internet.

A

The SSID has changed. The MOST-likely answer is that the SSID changed. Poor atenna orientation mad reduce speed or range. Too many devices using the WAP are likely to cause low or intermittent connectivity. Even if a WAP is disconnected from the internet, devices can still connect.

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24
Q

WEP

A

Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) - built in encryption, uses hexadecimal keys that users needed to know. used RC-4 which was easily cracked.

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25
RC-4
Ancient form of encryption. It's encryption method was predicated and people cracked it mechanically in little time.
26
TKIP
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) - Improved on RC-4 model. Encryption using this protocol became a lot less predictable than original RC-4.
27
AES
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) - Replaced TKIP and still used today. primary encryption for everything from secure webpages - Voiceover IP calls.
28
PSK
Personal/Pre-Shared Key (PSK) - Like WEP have to share key with users. Made by wireless agencies who didn't want to wait for 802.11 to come out with AES. Uses RC-4 with TKIP.
29
RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) server - have to log in with username and password. Box on your network. Hard to configure.
30
WPA
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) - Personal/Pre-Shared Key (PSK) + Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP). Not as good as 802.11i, but still very robust. Developed by wireless companies. As close as they could get to 802.11i sandards.
31
WPA2
Developed by wireless companies. Has all the same features of 802.11i. Been out for a while. Almost all wireless access points can handel.
32
WPS
Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) - Set up WPA with a push of a button. Easily hacked. Sends an 8 digit pin in two pieces. Less than 10,00 chance to guess what the two pieces are which is trivial for a computer. Recommend not activating WPS.
33
WPS3 Implementation Types
WPA3-Personal - at home use. WPA3-Enterprise - Used by business WPA3-Wifi Enhanced Open - Public Wi-Fi Hotspots.
34
WPA3 Improvements
Takes longer to Hack - Requires hackers to interact with wifi every attempt making it more time consuming. "Forward Security" - Even if hacker gets log-in information data can't be decrypted, but newly cached data maybe decrypted.
35
Kerberos
An authentication protocol. Installed on domain control of active directory. Has Key distribution center (KDC) and provides Authentication Services (AS)
36
KDC
Key Distribution Center (KDC) is a crucial component in the Kerberos protocol, responsible for managing and distributing cryptographic keys for secure communication within a network.
37
AS
Authentication Services - authenticates users connection to networks utilizing Kerberos.
38
TLS
Ticket Granting Server (TLS) is a crucial component in the Kerberos authentication protocol, which is widely used for network security. It acts as a trusted intermediary between a client and various services within a network. The TGS issues session tickets to clients, which they can then present to specific network services to gain access.
39
Disable a Network
Can disable a network by right-clicking connection and choosing disable.
40
Airplane Mode vs Disable
Airplane mode is a toggle that disables all Wi-Fi connections until airplane mode is toggled off. Disable works on a single connection.
41
Network Profile
When you select "remember this network" when connecting to a Wi-Fi a network profile is created. Settings -> network -> Wi-Fi -> Manage known networks -> Show all stored network profiles.
42
Trouble with a previously connected to Wi-Fi
Probably a network profile issue. Simply right click network, forget, and log in again.
43
Issues with connecting to an SSID: Nic is configured as DHCP client.
When you connect you can connect, but you get an APIPA (169.254). Clue that you have a bad password. Most modern systems may say "i cannot connect to this network."
44
Issues with connecting to an SSID: Wireless set to static IP
Can easly set wireless NIC to static IP rather than using DHCP. This is rare and weird, but perfectly functional. You will need to give users IP address, Gateway, etc of Wi-Fi.
45
PoE
Power over Ethernet (PoE) common in WAPs (wireless access points). They get power from their ethernet connection to the network's switch.
46
PoE 1st Generation and PoE+
PoE+ is more dominant than 1st generation. PoE+ provides a lot more electricity for individual devices.
47
PoE Switch
A switch capable of providing electricity over ethernet.
48
PoE injector
AC adapter into injector. One end into switch other end into PoE WAP.
49
AAA
Authorization, Authentication, Accounting. RADIUS or TACAS+ Boxes. Provide Security. WPA2 but no PSK. Separate boxes attached to network. Very aggressive authentications and authorization to protect network.
50
ESSID
Extended SSID - All WAPs and Wi-Fi network have same SSID. allows you to maintain high Wi-Fi connection across large area. Devices swap to nearest WAP.
51
Isolation
Allows user connected to the WAP to only communicate with the WAP and no other devices on the Wi-Fi Network.
52
Separate SSIDs
Can be enabled or disabled easily for guest access to WAPs
53
Rouge AP Detection
You can set up WAPs to memorize the MAC address of all currently connected WAPs. Then if someone tries to add an access point to your Wi-Fi Rouge AP Detection will not allow the new MAC address.
54
Rate Limit
Throttle speed users can access on Wi-FI
55
Captive Portal
Takes users to a webpage after connecting to Wi-Fi to enter credentials before accessing internet.
56
Special Enterprise Wireless LAN Switches
A switch with PoE. Sets up one captive portal, one SSID, and sends it to all WAPs.
57
RFID
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) - Not very fast. Vert popular in warehouses. a small sticker that holds a ton of information. RFID reader uses radio frequency energy to power sticker and sticker sends info to RFID reader.
58
NFC
Near Field Communication - most smart devices have NFC. NFC is RFID. Must be very close to work. Disneyland uses a lot for fast pass and holding your ticket, tap to pay another example.
59
Blue Tooth
Designed to join two devices and only two devices together in a personal area network (PAN). Some Bluetooth paring requires a code.
60
Bluetooth Class 1 Power and Range
100 mW of power. 100m Range.
61
Bluetooth Class 2 Power and Range
2.5 mW of power. 10m Range.
62
Bluetooth Class 3 Power and Range
1 mW of power. 1m Range
63
Storage Area Network (SAN)
A network of storage devices that provides data storage services to another network.
64
Network Attached Storage (NAS)
Storage on a network, allows users on network to store and share data.
65
SAN Four Components
A network Interface card or network adapter wired or wireless. Storage devices such as hard disk drives, solid state drives, etc. Servers provide interface between the SAN and the host requesting data services. Fiber channel protocol is the most common protocol on a SAN. Internet SCSI (iSCSI) is also commonly used in smaller SANs
66
Wi-Fi Analyzer
Very useful tool when trouble shooting network issues. Wi-Fi Man is an example of a Wi-Fi analyzer app.
67
Trouble Shooting: No connectivity to previously connected SSID
Can't connect to previously connected SSID. Check with owner of SSID to see if name/password changed.
68
Trouble Shooting: low RF signal.
Low Radio Frequency (RF) signal. Can lead to no, low, slow, or intermittent connectivity. Get closer to SSID Check External antennas, position matters. When you have multiple antennas double check some may be 2.4 ghz ban and 5 ghz ban antennas
69
Trouble Shooting: Cannot find previously connected SSID
Check with owner to see if SSID changed. SSID might have been changed to hide SSID. Disabling SSID broadcast can cause connectivity problems. You will need to manually configure profile for this Wi-Fi. Need exact SSID name, WPA or WPA2. Passcode
70
Trouble Shooting: Limited Connectivity
You're connected, but speed is reduced from optimal. Check for external interference (wall, baby monitor, microwave, etc.) can interfere with wireless signal. Move physical location of the WAP or move interference objects.
71
Trouble Shooting: Intermittent Connectivity
Internet working, suddenly not, then is. RF Signals low - RF really good at getting around obstacles, but it can have trouble and may initiate restart to try and fix issue. Too many people on Wi-Fi - get more WAPs, put in QoS to add priority users.
Comptia A+ Core 2
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