Chapter 12

Question 1

Heredity

Answer 1

the passing on of one characteristic genetically from one generation to another

Question 2

inherit

Answer 2

derive genetically from one’s parent to ancestor

Question 3

Blending inheritance

Answer 3

heredity determinants bland in the zygote, inks of different colors, lose their individuality

Question 4

particulate inheritance

Answer 4

heredity determinants are distinct

Question 5

true breeding

Answer 5

a genetic cross in which the same result occurs every time with respect to the traits under consideration

Question 6

Character

Answer 6

observable heritable feature that may very among individuals

Question 7

trait

Answer 7

specific variant of a character, any heritable characteristic of an organism

Question 8

gene

Answer 8

a discrete unit of heredity information consisting of a specific DNA nucleotide sequence.

Question 9

allele

Answer 9

a version of a gene (different allele, different gene)

Question 10

locus

Answer 10

the location of the gene’s physical location on a chromosome

Question 11

monohybrid

Answer 11

a mating in which the parents differ with respect to the alleles of only one locus on interest

Question 12

P generation

Answer 12

parental generation

Question 13

F1

Answer 13

first filial generation, from the parents mating

Question 14

F2

Answer 14

second filial generation, immediate mating from the F1 generation

Question 15

homozygous

Answer 15

having identical alleles of a given gene on both homozygous chromosomes

Question 16

heterozygous

Answer 16

having different alleles of a given gene on the pair of homologs carrying a gene.

Question 17

genotype

Answer 17

an exact description of the genetic makeup of an individual

Question 18

phenotype

Answer 18

the observable properties of an individual resulting from both genetic and environmental factors.

Question 19

dominant

Answer 19

describes an allele that masks the phenotypic effect of the other recessive allele for the trait

Question 20

recessive

Answer 20

describes an allele whose phenotypic effects is masked by a dominant alle

Question 21

diploid

Answer 21

the state of having two copies of each gene

Question 22

haploid

Answer 22

the state of having one copy of each gene.

Question 23

Inbreeding

Answer 23

Mating among close relatives

Question 24

Recombinant

Answer 24

possessing a new combination of alleles, may pertain to an individual, meiotic product or chromosome.

Question 25

Recombinant DNA

Answer 25

A DNA molecule made in the laboratory that is derived from two or more genetic sources.

Question 26

How does bacteria exchange genes?

Answer 26

conjunction

Question 27

What brings bacteria together?

Answer 27

sex pilus

Question 28

What are plasmids?

Answer 28

small circular chromosomes