Chapter 3 Lesson 1

Question 1

Producers

Consumers

Answer 1

Capture energy from the sun ( light energy) and convert it to chemical energy to carry out cell processes in the plant

Organisms that obtain energy from eating other organisms

Question 2

Photosynthesis

Answer 2

Process where plants capture light energy from the sun and convert it to high energy sugar molecules

It produces the oxygen we breathe and removes carbon dioxide from Earth’s atmosphere

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight ➡️➡️ 6O2 + C6 H12 O6

Question 3

Light

Answer 3

A form of energy known as electromagnetic radiation which has different wavelengths

Question 4

Chloroplasts

Thylakoids

Answer 4

The organelle in plants where light absorption and photosynthesis takes place

Disc-shaped sacs inside chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll

Question 5

Hydrothermal Vents

Answer 5

Cracks in the ocean floor that release chemicals like hydrogen sulfide (H2S) that serve as an energy source for organisms deep in the ocean

Question 6

ATP

NADPH

Answer 6

They are both energy-carrying molecules that are used for cell processes and in photosynthesis

ATP stores energy in a P-P bond

NADPH carries high-energy electrons

Question 7

Stages of Photosynthesis

Answer 7

Light- dependent reactions - take place within and across the membrane of the thylakoids

Light- independent reactions - take place in the stroma

Question 8

Stroma

Lumen

Answer 8

The area inside the chloroplast that is outside the thylakoids

The area inside the thylakoid sac

Question 9

Light - Dependent Reactions - capture and transfer energy

Inputs: H2O + light energy
Outputs: oxygen, ATP, NADPH

Answer 9

Energy is absorbed from sunlight (by photosystem 2)
Water molecules split
Hydrogen ions transported
Energy absorbed from sunlight ( by photosystem 1)
NADPH is produced
Hydrogen ions diffusion

Question 10

Light-Independent Reactions - uses energy from light dependent reactions to make sugars (Calvin cycle)

Inputs: carbon dioxide, ATP, NADPH
Outputs: sugar (glucose), ADP, NADP+

Answer 10

1. CO2 is added
2. There are 2 (3-carbon) molecules formed
3. The 3-carbon molecules exit
4. The 3-carbon molecules are recycled

Question 11

Variations in Photosynthesis

Answer 11

1. Formation of 3-carbon molecules (C3plants) - stomata open in the day. Examples: rice, wheat, most trees and grass
2. Formation of 4-carbon molecules (C4 plants) - stomata open in the day. Examples: corn, tumbleweeds
3. Formation of carassulacean acids (CAM plants) - stomata open at night/ found in desserts . Example: cactus and succulents

Question 12

Photosystem 2 and 1

Answer 12

Molecules that capture light energy and transfer it to the thylakoid membrane

Question 13

Chemo-synthesis

Answer 13

The process of using chemical energy instead of sunlight to make sugars from carbon dioxide.

Used by organism that live deep in the ocean or dark caves