Chapter 4 Lesson 2

Question 1

Hábitat

Answer 1

The natural environment where an organism lives (organisms address).
Provides basic needs for survival like food and shelter

Question 2

Ecological niche

Answer 2

Contains all the physical, chemical, and biological factors that a species needs to survive and reproduce .
Describes Its role in the environment .

Includes:
Food sources - type of food and how species compete for food
Abiotic conditions - such as temperature , amount of water
Behavior - such as time of day the species is active, where and when it feeds and reproduces

Question 3

Predation

Competition

Answer 3

The process where one organism (predator) captures and feeds on another organism (prey)

When organisms compete for the same limited resources

Question 4

Symbiosis

Answer 4

A close ecological relationship between 2 or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with one another

3 types:
Mutualism - both species benefit
Commensalism - 1 species benefits while the other doesn’t benefit but is not harmed
Parasitism - 1 organisms benefits while the other one is harmed

Question 5

Biodiversity

Biodiversity hot spot

Answer 5

The variety of species in an ecosystem. Measures the number of different species not the number of individual organisms . It is determined by species richness and species evenness

An area with a very high level of biodiversity

Question 6

Keystone species

Answer 6

A species that has an especially strong effect on an entire ecosystem .
It plays a critical role in maintaining the structure, health and biodiversity of the environment

Question 7

Ecosystem Stability

Resilience

Resistance

Answer 7

Usually maintained over time. Ecosystem stability is determined by biodiversity ,resilience and resistance .

The ability of an ecosystem to recover after it has undergone a disturbance
Determined by biodiversity and genetic diversity

The ability of an ecosystem to resist change from a disturbance . Mountains ranges help

Question 8

Ecological succession

Climax community

Answer 8

The sequence of biotic change that restores a damaged community or creates a community in a previously uninhabited area
2 types:
Primary succession
Secondary succession

Question 9

Primary succession

Answer 9

The establishment and development of an ecosystem in an area that was previously uninhabited like a bare rock. Started by volcanic eruptions, melting glaciers, and landslides

Pioneer Species - the first organisms to move into the area

Question 10

Secondary succession

Answer 10

The re-establishment of an ecosystem in an area where the soil was left intact such as after a fire or flood

Occurs more rapidly than primary succession

Question 11

Principle of Competitive Exclusion

Answer 11

When 2 species compete for the same resources, 1 species will be better able to get the resources in the niche. The other species will be pushed into another niche or become extinct. Eventually both species end in in distinct niches so that they don’t compete for the same resource.

Question 12

Factors affecting Biodiversity

Answer 12

Climate
Habitat loss - destruction or change in the environment where species live
Pollution - harmful substances which may be introduced
Invasive species - non native species that cause harm to native species
Overuse of resources

Question 13

Disturbances in the Ecosystem

Answer 13

Natural Disasters - hurricanes, volcanoes, tornadoes, forest fires, floods

Human Caused Disturbances- mining, agriculture, human settlements, clearing forests, pollution