Chapter 3 Lesson 3

Question 1

Population

Community

Answer 1

A group of organism of the same species that lives in the same area

A group of different species living together in one area

Question 2

Ecosystem

Answer 2

All the biotic (living) and abiotic (non- living) components in a given area. Ecosystems may be land-based or water-based (aquatic).
There are 2 types of aquatic ecosystems- salt water (marine) or freshwater

Question 3

Biome

Biodiversity

Answer 3

A large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat . Made up of many different ecosystems . Examples: desert, tropical rain forest, tropical grassland, tundra

The measure of the number of different species found within a specific area. Depends on many factors including moisture and temperature . Different biomes contribute to Earth’s biodiversity

Question 4

Metabolism

Answer 4

All the chemical processes that build up or break down materials in an organism’s
body

Question 5

Food chain

Answer 5

A sequence that connects species by their feeding relationships

Question 6

Herbivores

Carnivores

Omnivores

Answer 6

Consumers that only eat plants ( primary consumers)

Consumers that only eat animals ( secondary and tertiary consumers)

Eat both plants and animals

Question 7

Decomposers

Answer 7

Organisms that break down dead organisms returning nutrients to the soil
Examples: earthworms, fungi

Question 8

Trophic levels

Answer 8

The levels of nourishment in a food chain

Energy flows up the food chain from the bottom tropic level to the top

Question 9

Food web

Answer 9

Model that shows the complex network of feeding relationships within an ecosystem
It represents the flow of energy within and beyond the ecosystem

Question 10

Biomass

Biomass Pyramid

Answer 10

Total dry mass of all organisms in a given area. (Measured as total mass / area)
Includes living and dead organisms

A diagram that compares the biomass at different tropic levels within an ecosystem

Question 11

Energy Pyramid

Answer 11

Models the transfer of energy beginning with producers and working up the food chain to the top-level consumer

It shows how available energy is distributed among the trophic levels in an ecosystem

Question 12

Pyramid of Numbers

Answer 12

Shows how many individual organisms are present at each trophic level in an ecosystem
It shows how many producers are required to support the top- level consumers

Question 13

Biomagnification

Answer 13

When toxic substances like pesticides are more concentrated in tissues of organisms higher on the food chain than ones lower on the food chain

Question 14

Types of Biomes

Answer 14

Desert - very dry area that receives very little rain

Grassland - large open ecosystem where grass is the main vegetation with few trees. Example savanna and prairie

Rainforest - area of tall trees that get a high amount of rainfall. More than half of the world’s plants and animal species live here . The oldest biome

Deciduous forest - have trees that shed their leaves in response to distinct seasons

Taiga - has a dense forest with coniferous vegetation (pine needles), long cold winters and short mild summers

Tundra - treeless biome with extremely low Tempe, low precipitation, and permanently frozen ground called permafrost