Chapter 5 Lesson 1

Question 1

Cell cycle

Answer 1

is the regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occur in eukaryotic cells

The 2 phases of the cell cycle are
Interphase - resting phase
Mitosis - dividing phase

Question 2

Apoptosis

Answer 2

Programmed Cell Death
It occurs when internal or external signals activate genes that help produce self-destructive enzymes
Occurs when the cell is damaged or DNA is damaged

Question 3

The Major principles of the cell theory are:

Answer 3

. All organisms are made of cells
. All existing cells are produced by other living cells
. The cell is most basic unit of life

Question 4

Gap 1(G1)

Synthesis (S)

Gap 2 ( G2)

Mitosis (M)

Cytokinesis

Answer 4

Cells grow and replicate their organelles

DNA is replicated

Additional growth

Cell division ( nucleus)

Division of the cytoplasm

Question 5

Cancer

Answer 5

A class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division. Regulation of the cell cycle is disrupted.

Cells become cancerous because of mutations - caused by radiation, carcinogens, abnormal genes

Metastasis when tumors break away from the main area and go to other areas

Question 6

Interphase

Answer 6

Includes G1, S, and G2. The cells undergo critical growth and preparation for cell division while they carry out normal cell functions

Question 7

Checkpoints

Answer 7

Prevent the cell from moving to the next stage before certain conditions are met

G1 checkpoint - makes sure that the DNA is not damaged and can be replicated. Allows other cells to signal when more cell division is needed

G2 checkpoint- makes sure that the size of the cell is adequate and that the DNA has been correctly duplicated

Question 8

What Regulates Cell Division?

Answer 8

Internal factors - include molecules found in the cytoplasm ( kinases and cyclins)

External factors - surface area to volume ratio
Nutrients
Genes that signal when cells should grow and divide

Question 9

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 9

Dutch tradesman who developed a more powerful microscope. He observed numerous single-celled organisms swimming in a drop of pond water, which he called “animalcules”

Question 10

Rudolf Virchow

Answer 10

german scientists who stated that all cells come from other cells. He also described the microscope structure of cells such as nerve cells

Question 11

Robert Hooke

Answer 11

English scientist who used a three-lens compound microscope to examine thin slices of cork from oak tree. He called the tiny hollow compartments he saw “cells”

Question 12

Matthias Schleiden

Answer 12

German botanist who used compound microscope to examine to study plant tissue and proposed that plants are made of cells.