Chapter 5 Lesson 2

Question 1

DNA

Chromosome

Answer 1

The genetic material that contains information that determines an organism’s inherited characteristics

One long continuous thread of DNA that consists of many genes

Question 2

Telomeres

Answer 2

The ends of chromosomes which are made of repeating nucleotides that do not form genes. They prevent the loss of genes

The loss of telomeres is linked to aging

Question 3

Centrosome

Centrioles

Answer 3

A small region of cytoplasm that produces protein fibers called microtubules

Cylinder-shaped organelles made of short microtubules

Question 4

Mitosis

Answer 4

The division of the cell nucleus into 2

Prophase - chromosomes condense, centrioles move to opposite poles, spindle fibers form

Metaphase - spindle fibers attach to the centromeres. Chromosomes line up along the equator

Anaphase - chromatids separate and go to opposite sides of the cell

Telophase - nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes uncoil, and spindle fibers fall apart

Question 5

Centromere

Chromatid

Answer 5

The region of condensed chromosome in the middle that holds sister chromatids together

1/2 of a duplicated chromosome

Question 6

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 6

Does not require 2 parents and occurs quickly
The offspring are genetically identical to the parent

• binary fission
• mitotic reproduction ( budding, fragmentation , and vegetative reproduction )

Question 7

Binary fission

Answer 7

A type of asexual reproduction where a cell divides into 2 equal parts

Question 8

Cell Differentiation

Answer 8

The process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure and function in a multicellular organism

A cell’s location within the embryo determines how it will differentiate (what structure it will become)

Question 9

Stem Cells

Answer 9

A unique type of body cell that can develop into a variety of specialized cells through differentiation. They can divide and remain undifferentiated until they are needed

• Adult stem cells
• Embryonic stem cells

Question 10

Gene

Answer 10

A segment of DNA that stores genetic information and codes for a specific protein or function