Osmoregulation
Osmoregulation regulates solute concentrations and balances the gain and loss of water
Excretion
Excretion gets rid of nitrogenous metabolites and other waste products
Osmolarity
Osmolarity, the solute concentration of a solution, determines the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Osmoconformers
Osmoconformers, consisting only of some marine animals, are iso-osmotic with their surroundings and do not regulate their osmolarity
Osmoregulators
Osmoregulators expend energy to control water uptake and loss in a hyperosmotic or hypoosmotic environment
Anhydrobiosis
Some aquatic invertebrates in temporary ponds lose almost all their body water and survive in a dormant state
This adaptation is called anhydrobiosis
Transport Epithelia
Transport epithelia are epithelial cells that are specialized for moving solutes in specific directions