Chapter 48.1

Question 1

Neurons

Answer 1

• Neurons are nerve cells that transfer information within the body
• Neurons use two types of signals to communicate: electrical signals (long-distance) and chemical signals (short-distance)

Question 2

Sensory Neurons

Answer 2

• Sensors detect external stimuli and internal conditions and transmit information along sensory neurons

Question 3

Interneurons

Answer 3

• Sensory information is sent to the brain or ganglia, where interneurons integrate the information

Question 4

Motor Neurons

Answer 4

• Motor output leaves the brain or ganglia via motor neurons, which trigger muscle or gland activity

Question 5

Nervous System

Answer 5

• Many animals have a complex nervous system that consists of
  
  • A central nervous system (CNS) where integration takes place; this includes the brain and a nerve cord
  • A peripheral nervous system (PNS), which carries information into and out of the CNS
  • The neurons of the PNS, when bundled together, form nerves

Question 6

Dendrites

Answer 6

• Most neurons have dendrites, highly branched extensions that receive signals from other neurons

Question 7

Axon

Answer 7

• The axon is typically a much longer extension that transmits signals to other cells at synapses

Question 8

Axon Hillock

Answer 8

• The cone-shaped base of an axon is called the axon hillock

Question 9

Synaptic Terminal

Answer 9

• The synaptic terminal of one axon passes information across the synapse in the form of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters

Question 10

Synapse

Answer 10

• A synapse is a junction between an axon and another cell-

Question 11

Synaptic Cleft

Answer 11

• the space in between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another and is where the electrical signal is translated to a chemical signal that can be perceived by the next neuron.

Question 12

Synaptic Cell

Answer 12

• Information is transmitted from a presynaptic cell (a neuron) to a postsynaptic cell (a neuron, muscle, or gland cell)

Question 13

Glia

Answer 13

• Most neurons are nourished or insulated by cells called glia (Supporting cells)