Chapter 49

Question 1

Nerve Net

Question 2

Bilateral Symmetty

Answer 2

Bilaterally symmetrical animals exhibit cephalization

Question 3

Cephilization

Answer 3

Cephilization is the clustering of sensory organs at the front end of the body

Question 4

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 5

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 6

Reflex

Answer 6

A reflex is the body’s automatic response to a stimulus

Question 7

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 7

The central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the…

Question 8

Glia in the CNS

Types of Glia Cells

Question 9

Types of Glia Cells

Ependymal Cells

Answer 9

• Ependymal cells promote circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid

Question 10

Types of Glia Cells

Microglia

Answer 10

• Microglia protect the nervous system from microorganisms

Question 11

Types of Glia Cells

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 11

• Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cekks form the myelin sheaths around axons

Question 12

Types of Glia Cells

Astrocytes

Answer 12

Astrocytes provide structural support for neurons, regulate extracellular ions and neurotransmitters, and induce the formation of a blood-brain barrier that regulates the chemical environment of the CNS

Question 13

Afferent Neurons

Answer 13

• transmit nerves towards the central nervous system (CNS)

Question 14

Efferent Neurons

Answer 14

• transmit nerves away from the central nervous system (CNS)

Question 15

Motor System

Answer 15

The motor system carries signals to skeletal muscles and is voluntary

Question 16

Autonomic Motor System

Question 17

Sympathetic Division

Question 18

Parasympathetic Division

Question 19

… Division

Question 20

Brainstem

Answer 20

The brainstem coordinates…

Question 21

Midbrain

Answer 21

The midbrains contains centers for reciept and integration of sensory information

Question 22

Pons

Answer 22

• The pons regulates breathing centers in the medulla

Question 24

Reticular Formation

Answer 24

THe core of the brainstem hasa diffuse network of neurons called the reticular formation

Question 25

Cerebellum

Answer 25

The cerebellum is important for coordination and error checking ...

Question 26

THalamus

Question 27

Epithalamus

Answer 27

the epithalamus includes the pneal gland and generaes cerebrospinal fluid from blood

Question 28

Hypothalamus

Answer 28

## Footnote regulates circadian rhythm

Question 29

Superchiasmatic Nuclei (SCN)

Answer 29

biological clock

Question 30

Cerebral Hemispheres

Answer 30

The cerebrum has right and left cerebral hemispheres

Question 31

Corpus Callosum

Answer 31

A thilck band of of axons called the corps callosum provides communication between the right and left cerebral cortices

Question 32

Cognition

Answer 32

Cognition is the ...

Question 33

Lobes

Answer 33

- frontal - temporal - occipital - parietal

Question 34

Lateralization

Answer 34

The differences in hemisphere function are called lateralization. ## Footnote Lateralization is linked to handedness (left vs right handed)

Question 35

Limbic System

Answer 35

Emotions are generated and experienced by the limbic system

Question 36

Limbic System Structures

Answer 36

- brainstem - amygdala - hippocampus - thalamus

Question 37

Amygdala

Answer 37

The amygdala is located in the temporal lobe and helps store an emotional experience as an emotional memory.

Question 38

Neural Plasticity

Answer 38

Neural plasticity describes the ability of the nervous system to be modified after birth

Question 39

Short-term Memory

Answer 39

Short-term memory is accessed via the hippocampus

Question 40

Long-term Memory

Answer 40

The hippocampus also plays a role in forming long-term memory, which is stored in the cerebral cortex

Question 41

Alzheimer's Disease

Answer 41

- Mental Deterioriation - Caused by the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and **amyloid plaques** in the brain