CHapter 45.4

Question 1

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 1

is released by the parathyroid glands

Question 2

Calcitonin (Calcium)

Answer 2

released by the thyroid gland

Question 3

Adrenal Glands

Answer 3

• The adrenal glands are adjacent to the kidneys
• Each adrenal gland actually consists of two glands: the adrenal medulla (inner portion) and adrenal cortex (outer portion)

Question 4

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Answer 4

Adreneline and Noradreneline

members of a class of compounds called catecholamines

Question 5

Catecholamines

Answer 5

• The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
• These hormones are members of a class of compounds called catecholamines
• They are secreted in response to stress-activated impulses from the nervous system
• They mediate various fight-or-flight responses

Question 6

Corticosteroids

Answer 6

The adrenal cortex releases a family of steroids called corticosteroids in response to stress

Question 7

Glucocorticoids

Answer 7

influence glucose metabolism and the immune system

Question 8

Mineralocorticoids

Answer 8

affect salt and water balance

Question 9

Testes Hormones

Answer 9

• The testes primarily synthesize androgens, mainly testosterone, which stimulate development and maintenance of the male reproductive system

Question 10

Ovaries Hormones

Answer 10

estradiol: responsible for maintenance of the female reproductive system and the development of female secondary sex characteristics
progesterone: primarily involved in preparing and maintaining the uterus

• Synthesis of the sex hormones is controlled by FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary

Question 11

Pineal gland

Answer 11

-located in the brain, secretes melatonin