Chapter 46.5

Question 1

Conception

Answer 1

• Conception, fertilization of an egg by a sperm, occurs in the oviduct

Question 2

Cleavage

Answer 2

The resulting zygote begins to divide by mitosis in a process called cleavage

Question 3

Blastocyst

Answer 3

Division of cells gives rise to a blastocyst, a ball of cells with a central cavity

Question 4

human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Answer 4

The embryo releases human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which prevents menstruation

Question 5

Gestation

Pregnancy

Answer 5

the condition of carrying one or more embryos in the uterus

divided into three trimesters

Question 6

First Trimester:

Tropoplast

Answer 6

the outer layer of the blastocyst, called the trophoblast, mingles with the endometrium and eventually forms the placenta

Question 7

Interleukin 10

Answer 7

Interleukin 10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in preventing inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies. (Prevents white blood cells from entereing the fetus))

Question 8

First Trimester:

Organogenesis

Answer 8

development of the body organs

Question 9

Labor

Answer 9

• Labor typically has three stages
  
  • Thinning and opening of the cervix, or dilation
  • Expulsion or delivery of the baby
  • Delivery of the placenta

Question 10

Lactation

Answer 10

the production of milk

Question 11

Contraception

Answer 11

• Contraception, the deliberate prevention of pregnancy, can be achieved in a number of ways

Question 12

Contraception

Rhythm Method

Answer 12

• The rhythm method, or natural family planning, is to refrain from intercourse when conception is most likely; it has a pregnancy rate of 10–20%

Question 13

Barrier Methods

Answer 13

block fertilization with a pregnancy rate of less than 10%

• A condom fits over the penis
• A diaphragm is inserted into the vagina before intercourse

Question 14

Contraception Methods

Birth Control Pills

Answer 14

Female birth control pills are hormonal contraceptives with a pregnancy rate of less than 1%

Question 15

Contraception Methods:

Sterilization

Answer 15

permanent and prevents the release of gametes

• Tubal ligation ties off the oviducts
• Vasectomy ties off the vas deferens

Question 16

Abortion

Answer 16

termination of a pregnancy

Question 17

Treating Infertility

In vitro fertilization (IVF)

Answer 17

In vitro fertilization (IVF) mixes eggs with sperm in culture dishes and returns the embryo to the uterus at the 8-cell stage

Question 18

Treating Infertility

intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

Answer 18

Sperm are injected directly into an egg in a type of IVF called intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)