Chapter 45.3

Question 1

Hypothalamus

Answer 1

The hypothalamus receives information from the nervous system and initiates responses through the endocrine system

Question 2

Pituitary Glands

Posterior Pituitary Hormones

Answer 2

• Creates:
  
  • Oxytocin (regulates milk secretion)
  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 3

Pituitary Glands

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

Answer 3

• Creates:
  
  • prolactin: which has a role in milk production
  • Growth Hormone(GH)

Question 4

Thyroid Hormone

Answer 4

• Thyroid hormone refers to a pair of hormones
  
  • Triiodothyronin (T3), with three iodine atoms
  • Thyroxine (T4), with four iodine atoms

• Insufficient dietary iodine leads to an enlarged thyroid gland, called a goiter

Question 5

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH

Answer 5

• Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) regulates skin color in amphibians, fish, and reptiles by controlling pigment distribution in melanocytes

• In mammals, MSH plays additional roles in hunger and metabolism in addition to coloration

Question 6

Tropic and Nontropic Hormones

Answer 6

• A tropic hormone regulates the function of endocrine cells or glands
• Three primarily tropic hormones are
  
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 7

Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer 7

It promotes growth directly and has diverse metabolic effects

secreted by the anterior pituitary gland