classical conditioning

Question 1

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 1

anything that has the natural power to produce a response in humans ( reflex action)

Question 2

unconditioned response

Answer 2

natural reflex action to an unconditioned stimulus

Question 3

neutral stimulus

Answer 3

something in the environment that does not normally produce a response naturally

Question 4

conditioned stimulus

Answer 4

neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus when it acquires the ability to produce a response in humans

Question 5

conditioned response

Answer 5

learnt response to something that doesnt naturally hace the power to produce a human response

Question 6

forward conditioning

Answer 6

standard method of classical conditioning

Question 7

delayed conditioning

Answer 7

when the NS is presented and then after a while the UCS is presented too

Question 8

trace conditioning

Answer 8

when the NS is presented and then after a while the UCS is presented

Question 9

spontaneous conditioning

Answer 9

the reappearance of a conditioned response after a while

Question 10

backward conditioning

Answer 10

when the UCS is presented before the NS

Question 11

extinction

Answer 11

when the association between the CS and CR is broken so the behaviour doesnt occur

Question 12

stimulus generalisation

Answer 12

when the CR occurs to anything similar to the CS

Question 13

spontaneous recovery

Answer 13

after extinction when the CS produces the CR again

Question 14

higher order conditioning

Answer 14

having two neutral stimulus that both produce a CR

Question 15

discrimination

Answer 15

the CR is only produced by the CS - not anything similar

Question 16

one trial learning

Answer 16

when conditioning occurs immediately after only one pairing

Question 17

how does Pavlov link to classical conditioning

Answer 17

it supports classical conditioning as pavlov conditioned the dogs to salivate to a bell - bell is neutral stimuli

Question 18

how do watson and raynor link to classical conditioning

Answer 18

classically conditioned little albert to be fearful of the rat - shows principles of associations with the neutral stimulus and conditioned stimulus

Question 19

what did windholz discover in relation to classical conditioning

Answer 19

found that a dog conditioned to salivate when rubbed would also salivate when scratched - shows stimulus generalisation which is a key area of classical conditioning

Question 20

why can the evidence for classical conditioning not be generalised to humans

Answer 20

some research comes from animal studies - mice only share 93% of dna with humans - cannot generalise humans and animals
little albert was a case study so cannot be applied to the rest of the population

Question 21

what is the application of classical conditioning

Answer 21

development of treatments for phobias including systematic desensitisation and flooding - benefits peoples quality of life
adverts associate beers with attractive women to make people buy the beers - make more money

Question 22

how is classical conditioning deterministic and reductionist

Answer 22

deterministic - suggest classical conditioning is a learnt response we cannot remove - no free will
reductionist - breaks down a complex behaviour into simpler parts - cannot be used to treat complex phobias